Dynamics of Structures: Theory and

Applications to Earthquake Engineering

Fifth Edition

Chapter 5
Numerical Evaluation of
Dynamic Response

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Figure 5.1.1 Notation for Time-Stepping
Methods

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Figure 5.2.1 Notation for Linearly
Interpolated Excitation

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Table 5.2.1 Coefficients in Recurrence
Formulas (ζ < 1)
left parenthesis zeta smaller than 1 right parenthesis

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Table 5.3.1 Central Difference Method

 (t ), according to Eq. (1.7.6), replace

† If the excitation is ground acceleration ug
pi by  mugi in Table 5.3.1. The computed ui , u i , and ui give response values relative
to the ground. If needed, the total velocity and acceleration can be computed readily:
u it  u i  u gi and uit  ui  ugi .
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Table 5.4.1 Average Acceleration and
Linear Acceleration Methods

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Table 5.4.2 Newmark’s Method: Linear
Systems (1 of 2)

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Table 5.4.2 Newmark’s Method: Linear
Systems (2 of 2)

 (t ), according to Eq. (1.7.6), replace

† If the excitation is ground acceleration ug
pi by  mugi in Table 5.4.2. The computed ui , u i , and ui give response values relative
to the ground. If needed, the total velocity and acceleration can be computed readily:
u it  u i  u gi and uit  ui  ugi .
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Figure 5.5.1 Free Vibration Solution by Four
Δt
Numerical Methods ( Tn = 0.1) and the Theoretical
left parenthesis start fraction delta t over T sub n end fraction = 0.1 right parenthesis

Solution

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 Δt
Figure 5.5.2 (a) Amplitude Decay Versus (b) Tn
;
start fraction delta t over T n end fraction

Definition of AD and PE; (c) Period Elongation

Δt
Versus T
start fraction delta t over T n end fraction

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Figure 5.7.1 Newton–Raphson Iteration: (a)
Applied and Resisting Forces; (b) Residual Force

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Figure 5.7.2 Modified Newton–Raphson
Iteration: (a) Applied and Resisting Forces;
(b) Residual Force

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Table 5.7.1 Newmark’s Method: Nonlinear
Systems (1 of 2)

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Table 5.7.1 Newmark’s Method: Nonlinear
Systems (2 of 2)

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Copyright

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