SOUTH CENTRAL RAILWAYS

PRESENTED BY:
NAME : P. PRANAY
ROLL NO : 18311A03N1
CLASS : B. Tech (III – YEAR)
SECTION : D
 CONTENTS

Types of Coaches in Indian Railways

Types of Braking system

Types of suspension system

Types of couplings in Railways

Rail wheel profile engineering

Sand box in trains

 COACHES IN INDIAN RAILWAYS :

 There are two types of coaches in Indian railways :

1. The Integral Coach Factory (ICF)
ICF Coaches is a conventional railway bogie used on the majority of Indian Railways main
line passenger coaches. The design of the bogie was developed by (Integral Coach Factory),
Perambur , Chennai, India. This coaches are designed for an operating speed up to 110
km/hr.
2. LINKE – HOFMANN- BUSCH (LHB) :
• LHB coaches are the passenger compartments of Indian Railways that have been
developed by Linke-Hofmann-Busch of Germany. The coaches are designed for an
operating speed up to 160 km/hr to 200 km/hr. However , they have been tested up to
180 km/hr.
• LHB coaches are the advanced passenger coaches compared to ICF coaches, which
provides more comfort to the passenger due to some specific things considered while
designing and manufacturing the coach.
 TYPES OF BRAKING SYSTEMS

1. Vacuum Braking System

• The vacuum brake is a braking system employed on trains and introduced in
the mid-1860’s
• In earlier days, brakes men in each locomotive are instructed to apply brakes
with whistling but these are unreliable and slow.
• The major advance was adoption of the vacuum braking system in which
flexible pipes connected between all the vehicles of the train.
• 2. AIR BRAKING SYSTEM
• Air brake is a type of friction brake for vehicles in which compressed air
pressing on the piston is used to apply the pressure brake pads.
• The piston is connected through the mechanical linkage to the brake shoes that
can rub on the train wheels.
• It consists of the Brake pressure and the feed pressure which is used to
compensate the air eliminated to atmosphere after applying the brakes.
• The working pressure is 8.6 – 9.7 bar and feed pressure is 5 bar.
 DISC BRAKES SHOE BRAKES

• In Disc brake the disc consists of the fins like structure to eliminate the heat generated during the brake
application and to avoid the wheel damage due to heat generated.

• In Shoe brakes , brake shoes are forced towards the rotating wheel to stop / slowdown the train.
 LIMITATIONS OF VACUUM
BRAKING SYSTEM

• Leakage of the vacuum pressure cannot be detected while leakage of air in air braking
system produces loud sound.

• Large piston and cylinder are required to generate the force necessary on the brake
block.

• The existence in the vacuum in the train pipe cause the debris to be sucked in.

• The response time is less compared to the air braking system.

 SUSPENSION SYSTEMS IN TRAIN

• There are two types of suspension sytems used in the trains

1. Spring suspension system
2. Air bell suspension system
3. Leaf suspension system
• To maintain the balance while loading and unloading conditions.
• To maintain the same height while loading and unloading conditions.
• Spring suspension system consists of primary suspension and secondary suspension and are
used in ICF coaches.
• While both spring and Air bell suspension system are used in the LHB coaches for providing
more comfort to the passengers.
• Air bell suspension system consists of the controller , in case of puncture of the bell, same
amount of the air pressure is maintained on both sides of the train.
• Controller is a load leveling device.
• Leaf suspension system is used in goods train where requirement of the comfort is not
considered.
 TYPES OF COUPLINGS IN
RAILWAYS

1. E – type coupling 2. H- type coupling 3. Screw coupling

 WHEEL PROFILE DESIGN

• The profile of the wheel at the contact face to the rail track is complicated.
• In order to prevent the wear at the rail tracks and wheels contact surface,
wheel profile is engineered with uneven smooth continuous surfaces
• This wheel profile cannot be seen with the naked eye
 SAND BOX IN TRAINS

• A sandbox is a container that holds sand, which is dropped on the rail

in front of the driving wheels in wet and slippery conditions and on steep
grades to improve traction.
 CONCLUSION

This training focused upon increasing our knowledge and interest in toward the
Production of Railway Carriage & Wagons. Because It is most efficient and
necessary needs to people in these days so its production at most efficient method
with minimum cost and in proper sequence with less wastage. It was a great
experience. It increased my practical skills that’s the main thing which I learnt in
the training session. Thus, I believe that my training session will be beneficial for
various purposes & hence our efforts will be fruitful.