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Production
How Cameras Work
 Parts of Camera

• The first is the lens, which select a certain field of view and
produces a small optical image of it.
• Second part is camera itself, with its imaging device that
concerts into electrical signals the optical image as delivered
by the lens.
• The third is the viewfinder, which shows a small video image
of what lens is seeing.
• All camera work on same basic: the conversion of an
optical image into electrical signals that are
reconverted by viewfinder and the television set into
visible screen image.
• The light that is reflected off of an object is gathered
by a lens and focused on the imaging device.
• The imaging device transduces (converts) the light into
an electric charge (when amplified and processed
becomes a video signal).
• The television set uses this signal to produce the
images you see on your set.
 Imaging Device
• Imaging device/sensor – the chip
• Is the principal electronic component that
convert light into electricity.
• 2 type of sensors – charge couple device (CCD)
and complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor (CMOS).
• Look different but same function – convert
optical image into electrical impulses
 Imaging Device
• CCD and CMOS contain hundreds of thousands
or, for a high-quality chip, millions of image-
sensing elements, called pixels.
• Pix – picture , els – element
• Arranged in horizontal and vertical rows.
• Each pixel transforms its color and brightness
information into specific electric change.
• In digital cameras each pixel has a unique
computer address.
• Electric charges become video signals
 Imaging Device
• Pixels function
much like tiles
that make up a
complete mosaic
image. An image
comprising
relatively few
mosaic tiles-
pixels-contains
little detail. The
more and the
smaller the tiles,
the sharper the
image will be.
 Beam Splitter
• The light image coming through the lens must
be split into the three primary colors of light –
red, green and blue.
• This color separation is done by the beam
splitter
• The beam splitter contains prisms that divide
the light coming from the lens into the three
primary light beams.
 Types of Camera
• Studio Camera
• High quality camera – HDTV camera
• Used for multicamera studio production – news,
interviews, panel shows and daily series drama.
• EFP Camera
• Is a portable, shoulder-mounted camera that
must be connected to an external video recorder.
• EFP camera are almost never used for ENG and
often used in the studio because of the high
quality of the EFP camera.
Types of Camera
• The EFP camera is
a high-quality
camera that can
be carried and
handled by the
operator. It can
also be converted
into a studio
camera.
 Types of Camera
• ENG/EFP Camcorders
• High quality portable field production cameras
with the recording device built-in.
• 2 types – 1)large, high-end HDTV camcorders
2) Small HD and HDV camcorders
 Types of Camera
• large, high-end HDTV camcorders
• High quality,
• Interchangeable zoom lenses
• High quality imaging device (3CCD or CMOS
sensor)
• High quality videotape recorder (VTR) or a
nontape recording device (hard drive, optical
disc or flash drive built in)
 Types of Camera
• Small HD and HDV camcorders
• Operate on the same basic principles as the
digital consumer model.
• Manufacturers upgraded by adding a better
lens, high quality device and more video and
audio controls.
Types of Camera
Types of Camera
Types of Camera
Types of Camera
 Types of Camera
• DIGITAL CINEMA
• HD digital cinema cameras- large,
multimillion-pixel CCDs or CMOS sensors
• Operate in the 1080i or 1080p scanning mode.
• Lens – Zoom lens or a variety of prime lens.
Types of Camera
Types of Camera
Types of Camera
 Electronic Features
• Imaging Device – 3CCDs or CMOS
• Scanning – 480p,720p, and 1080i scanning
system
• Resolution- how sharp a picture looks
• Aspect Ratio and Essential Area - 4x3, 16x9
• Gain- higher gain lower picture quality
• Electronic shutter – the faster the object moves,
the faster shutter speed must be to avoid blur.
• White balance