Nature of

Reading
Reporters
Dellava Elijah Neil
Restificar Cathlyn
Villena Mhelodie

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Reading
-Is similar to listening, speaking, and writing is a
communication skill.

- Is a process because it has series of acts

proceeding from one step to the next.

- Use of a linguistic system which enables

readers to be more effective users of written
language.

- Effective reading is partly dependent on the

reader’s prior knowledge or background
experiences.
Reading Theorists
Kenneth Goodman – (Cognivitism) “Reading is a psycholinguistic guessing game”

Jean Piaget – (Cognitivism) assimilation is the process by which the reader incorporate
new experience into an already existing knowledge.
- accomodation is the process by which the readers changes one’s already
existing knowledge as a result of the experiences.

Rumel hart – (Cognitivism) schema is the “building block of cognition.”

Patricia Carrell – (Cognitivism)

Two Kinds of Schema
formal schema – rhetorical patterns of writing
content schema – culture of the reader

Keith Stanovich – Social Constructivism context clues can be used to compensate for
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the meaning of words which we do not know.
Essential Components of Reading
Phonemic awareness - refers to the student’s ability to focus on and manipulate
these phonemes in spoken syllables and words. Improves their reading more than
instruction that lacks any attention to phonemic awareness.

Phonics - is the relationship between the letters (or letter combinations) in written
language and the individual sounds in spoken language. It teaches students how to
use these relationships to read and spell words.

Fluency - readers are able to read orally with appropriate speed, accuracy, and
proper expression. It is the ability to read as well as we speak and to make sense of
the text without having to stop and decode each word.

Vocabulary - can be learned incidentally through storybook reading or listening to

others, and vocabulary should be taught both directly and indirectly.

Comprehension - is the complex cognitive process readers use to understand what

they have read. 
 Four main types of reading
techniques
Skimming – may help in order to know what the text is about at its most basic
level.

Scanning – involves getting your eyes to quickly scuttle across sentence and
is used to get just a simple piece of information. You’ll be searching for specific
words or phrases that will give you more information and answer questions you
may have.

Intensive – helps with retention of information for long periods of time and
knowledge resulting from intensive reading persists in your long term memory.

Extensive – involves reading for pleasure because there is an element of

enjoyment in extensive reading it is unlikely that students will undertake
extensive reading of a text they do not like.
 Five stages of reading
development
• The emerging pre-reader (typically between 6 months to 6 years old)

• The novice reader (typically between 6-7 years old)

• The decoding reader (typically between 7-9 years old)

• The fluent, comprehending reader (typically between 9-15 years and

older); and

• The expert reader (typically from 16 years and older).