GOOD

MORNING
Prepared By:
Alberto D. Bautista
Chapter 14:
Alcoholism and
Smoking
Alcoholism
An alcoholic beverage is a drink which
contains a substantial amount of
the psychoactive drug ethanol (informally
called alcohol). Drinking alcohol plays an
important social in many cultures. Alcohol
has potential for abuse and physical
dependence.

INTRODUCTION
Alcoholism is a disease or disorder of behavior
characterized by repeated drinking of
alcoholic beverages.

It is also defined generally as the habitual

drinking of alcoholic liquor to excess, or a
diseased condition caused by alcoholic
liquors.

ALCOHOLISM
Wine – Contains 10-20% Alcohol.

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Beer – Lower alcoholic content, contains 3-5%
Alcohol.

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
Whisky, Brandy, Gin, rum, vodka, and
Liquors – Have much higher alcohol content,
usually 40-55% Alcohol

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES
1.) 0.1% - Noticeable breath odor.
2. ) 0.2% - Clumsy Movement
3.) 0.3% - Staggering gait
4.) 0.4% - Helplessness

Effects of Alcohol in Blood

Reasons why people become Alcoholic
according to Primary Health Care
Teaching Manual ( 1987 )

1. Feeling lonely and depressed.

2. To forget his/her problems.
3. To be accepted by his peer group.
4. As an outlet for anger, anxiety and boredom.
5. For macho image.
6. For many, it starts as recreation then
becomes a habit until it becomes a vice or
addiction to alcohol.
Different Ailments Caused
by Heavy Drinking
Liver Cirrhosis –
Cirrhosis is a slowly progressing disease in
which healthy liver tissue is replaced with
scar tissue, eventually preventing
the liver from functioning properly. The scar
tissue blocks the flow of blood through
the liver and slows the processing of nutrients,
hormones, drugs, and naturally produced
toxins.
Lung Cancer -  
is a malignant lung tumor characterized by
uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
If left untreated, this growth can spread
beyond the lung by process of metastasis into
nearby tissue or other parts of the body. 
Ulcer/ Cancer of the intestine –
an open sore on an external or internal
surface of the body, caused by a break in
the skin or mucous membrane that fails
to heal.
Disadvantages of Alcoholism/alcoholic

1. He has less interest to his/her life and no

more ambition.
2. He has slower reaction.
3. He is pessimistic
4. He has less capacity for creative work and
thought.
5. He is no longer aware of what is happening
in his surroundings.
Advantages of Alcohol if taken in
Moderation

1. A person can have a good appetite.

2. He can have a good sleep at night.
3. He can have more energy for creative
work.
The alcohol once taken into the body is
circulated to the veins and mixes with the
blood. It is not digested; the blood
receives or absorbs it without any
change. The rate of absorption speeds up
greatly as alcohol enters the intestines at
the lower end of the stomach.

Alcohol in the Body

When alcohol is mixed with mood, the rate
of absorption is reduced. The blood
delivers alcohol to the brain, liver,
muscles and other body tissues

Alcohol in the Body

The brain is the primary target of alcohol and
the alcoholic may have the following
symptoms:
1. Severe headache
2. Inability to sleep
3. Irritability
These are not recognized due to habitual
drinking. The chronic alcoholic who has a
long history of drinking large amounts of
alcohol has irreversible brain damage.
Another target of alcohol is the digestive
system. A person may have a complain of
inflammation of the esophagus, stomach
or chronic diarrhea.
Examples of Drunk People:
Any Questions?
Smoking
Smoking –
Smoking is a practice in which a substance is
burned and the resulting smoke breathed in to
be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream.

Most commonly the substance is the dried

leaves of the tobacco plant which have been
rolled into a small square of rice paper to
create a small, round cylinder called a
"cigarette".  
Tobacco
Tobacco
Tobacco contains the alkaloid nicotine,
a stimulant. Dried tobacco leaves are
mainly smoked in cigarettes, cigars, pipe
tobacco, and flavored Shisha tobacco. 
Tobacco use is a risk factor for many diseases,
especially those affecting the heart, liver,
and lungs, and several cancers. In 2008,
the World Health Organization named tobacco as
the world's single greatest cause of preventable
death.
Smoking and Health
There are 500 chemical compounds
contained in tobacco smoke, many which
are known as carcinogens, or cancer-
causing agents. The smoke is made up of
gases, organic vapors, and particulate
matters, which include tar and nicotine.
Smoking and Health
8% of tobacco smoke contains a greater part
of known cancer-producing agents found in
tobacco smoke. There are about 5 billion
particles per milliliter of smoke from a non-
filter cigarette, more than 50,000 times as
many as in equal amount of polluted air.
The remainder of smoke consist of gases
such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, oxygen,
and carbon monoxide.
Here are a few of the chemicals in tobacco
smoke, and other places they are found:

Acetone – found in nail polish remover

Acetic Acid –  an ingredient in hair dye
Ammonia – a common household cleaner
Arsenic – used in rat poison
Benzene – found in rubber cement
Butane – used in lighter fluid
Cadmium – active component in battery acid
Carbon Monoxide – released in car
exhaust fumes
Formaldehyde – embalming fluid
Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid
Lead – used in batteries
Naphthalene – an ingredient in moth balls
Methanol – a main component in rocket
fuel
Nicotine – used as insecticide
Tar – material for paving roads
Toluene - used to manufacture paint
Major Health Consequences of Smoking
- Lung
- Mouth, larynx, throat, etc.
- Cervix
- Bladder
- Pancreas
- Coronary Heart Disease
- Peripheral Vascular Disease
- Cerebrovascular Disease
- Pregnancy and Birth Control
Cancer
Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer deaths.
- Smoking as the major factor
- Passive smoking plays an important role among non-
smokers.

Among 10 leading cancer deaths, 7 of these are

strongly associated with smoking which includes
lung cancer, Esophageal cancer, Pharyngeal
California, Leukemia, Gastric Cancer and Bladder
cancer.
Mainstream Smoking
Is smoke that drifts off at the end of
the mouth.
Second Hand Smoking
Or Passive smoker is one who inhales
side stream smoke.
Side stream smoke is Dangerous because it
produces 6 times the pollution of a busy
highway when in a crowded restaurant.

- It has higher levels of many poisons than

smoke breathed directly through the cigarette.
Tobacco smoke contains more than 6,000-
7,000 chemicals, including hundreds that are
toxic and about 60-70 that can cause cancer.
Passive Evidence of Second hand smoke on
non-smokers who live with smokers are:

- 20-30% increased risk of developing cancer,

particularly lung cancer.
- 20-30% increased risk of heart disease.
ANY QUESTIONS?
THANK YOU!