Groups &

Organizatio
n
Sumaira Manzoor
 Group, Crowd & Category

Aggregate/
Group
refers to any collection
Crowd
of at least two people People who exist in the
who interact with some same place at the same
frequency and who share time but who do not
a sense that their identity interact or share a sense
is somehow aligned with of identity are Called
the group Aggregate or crowd
 Category
people who share similar
characteristics but are not
tied to one another in any
way.
 Types of Group

Primary Secondar Reference

Ingroup OutGroup
Group y Group Groups
expressive instrumenta belongs to doesn’t compare
functions l function belong to themselves
to
 Group Size and Structure

01 02
Dyads Triads
two-member Three-member
group group

03
Large Groups
too many people to
join in a simultaneous
discussion
 Refrence Group

Group that people compare themselves to—it

provides a standard of measurement
 Group Leadership
Leadership function

Instrumental leader

Despite being red, Mars

is actually a cold place.
It’s full of iron oxide dust

Expressive leaders

It’s a gas giant and the

biggest planet in our
wonderful Solar System
Leadership style

encourage group Democ

participation in all decision making
ratic

(French for “leave it alone”) is hands- laissez-

off, allowing group members to self-
manage and make their own decisions. faire

Issue orders and assigns tasks

authori
tarian
 Conformity

Conformity is the extent to which an individual complies

with group norms or expectations.

Psychologist Solomon Asch (1907–1996) conducted

experiments that illustrated how great the pressure to
conform is, specifically within a small group (1956).
 Formal organization--- types
Formal organizations fall into three categories

Normative Utilitarian
Coercive organizations
organizations organizations
also called voluntary Symbolic interactionist
organizations, are based Coercive organizations are joined because of the need
Erving Goffman states that are groups that we must
on shared interests. for a specific material reward.
most coercive organizations
be coerced, or pushed, to High school and the workplace
are total institutions
join. fall into this category
 Normativ
- Coercive Utilitarian
e

Benefits of Intangible Corrective Tangible

membership Benefits benefit Benefits

Type of Volunteer Contractual

Required
membership Basis Basis

Feelings of
connectedness
Shared affinity No affinity Some affinity
 Our Team Infographics

Mercury is the smallest planet in

Henry L. the entire Solar System

Jupiter is the biggest planet in the

Alice G. entire Solar System

Saturn is composed mostly of

Boris J. hydrogen and helium gas

Mars is actually a cold place. It’s

John L. full of iron oxide dust

Venus is a planet with a very

Susan P. poisonous atmosphere
 Our Team Infographics

Heidi Arthur
Susan Bones
Johnson
Despite being red, Mars is It’s a gas giant and the
Nielsen
Saturn is a gas giant,
actually a cold place. It’s biggest planet in the composed mostly of
full of iron oxide dust entire Solar System hydrogen and helium
 Our Team Infographics

Peter Susan
Smith
Mercury is the closest
Bones
This planet has a
planet to the Sun and beautiful name and is
the smallest one in the second one from
the Solar System—it’s the Sun. It’s hot and
only a bit larger than has a very poisonous
the Moon atmosphere
 Our Team Infographics

Petter S. Alice G. John H. Susan T.

Jupiter is a gas giant and Despite being red, Mars Venus has a beautiful Saturn is a gas giant,
the biggest planet in the is actually a cold place. name and is the second composed mostly of
Solar System It’s full of iron oxide dust planet from the Sun hydrogen and helium
 Our Team Infographics

John H. Lucy G. Max R.

It’s the smallest Venus has a beautiful Jupiter is the biggest
planet in the entire name, but also very planet in the entire
Solar System high temperatures Solar System

Alice F. Peter S. July P.

Saturn is composed Neptune is the eighth Mars is actually a
mostly of hydrogen and farthest planet cold place. It’s full of
and helium from the Sun iron oxide dust
 Our Team Infographics

John Nielsen Taylor Brown

It’s the smallest and It’s a gas giant and also
closest planet to the the biggest planet in
Sun in the Solar System the Solar System

Max Williams Will McKane

Mars is actually a cold It has a beautiful name,
place. It’s a planet full but it’s terribly hot, even
of iron oxide dust hotter than Mercury
 Our Team Infographics

1 5
It’s the smallest planet It’s composed mostly
in the Solar System of hydrogen and helium

2 It’s the biggest planet in

the Solar System Our Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun 6

3
Venus has a very
poisonous atmosphere Team It’s a cold place. It’s full
of iron oxide dust 7

4 8
Earth is the planet Ceres is located in the
where we all live on main asteroid belt
 Our Team Infographics

Lucy A. Peter J. Jonas H.

Despite being red, Mars is actually a It’s a gas giant and the biggest Saturn is a gas giant, composed
cold place. It’s full of iron oxide dust planet in the Solar System mostly of hydrogen and helium
 Our Team Infographics

Director Director
Richard Jones Julie Jefferson
Despite being red, Mars is a cold It has a beautiful name and is
place. It’s full of iron oxide dust the second planet from the Sun

Assistant HR Manager

Elisabeth Bons Eric Clapton

Jupiter, the biggest planet in the Saturn is a gas giant, composed
Solar System is a gas giant mostly of hydrogen and helium
 Our Team Infographics

Amelia David
Venus, the second planet from the Sun, has a
John L.
A beautiful name, but also extremely high
temperatures and a poisonous atmosphere G. K.

Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and

J the smallest one in the Solar System. It was
named after the Roman messenger god

Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold

D place. It is full of iron oxide dust, giving the
planet its characteristic reddish cast
 Our Team Infographics

John
Miller
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit
Alice Jones
larger than the Moon Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s
hot and has a very
poisonous atmosphere
 Our Team Infographics

Nick Jonas
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the
entire Solar System Heidi
Jones
Venus, the second
planet from the Sun, is
Louis hot and has a very
poisonous atmosphere
Bons
Jupiter is a gas giant,
the biggest planet in the
Solar System and the
fourth-brightest object
 Our Team Infographics

Lucy R. Venus J.
Despite being red, It has a beautiful
Mars is actually a name and is the
cold place. It’s full second planet
of iron oxide dust from the Sun

Susan
Max T.
Jupiter is a gas K.
It’s a gas giant,
giant and the composed mostly
biggest planet in of hydrogen and
the Solar System helium gas
 Our Team Infographics

Jupiter is a gas giant and also the Malik

biggest planet in the Solar System
a

Venus is a planet with a beautiful

name, but it’s terribly hot Jonny

Despite being red, Mars is a cold

place. It’s full of iron oxide dust
Alice
 Our Team Infographics

Director Co-Director
John Jones Lucy Collins
Despite being red, Mars It has a beautiful name
is a cold place. It’s full and is the second
of iron oxide dust planet from the Sun

Assistant HR Manager

Elisabeth Max Spot

Jupiter, the biggest Saturn is a gas giant,
Bons
planet in the Solar composed mostly of
System, is a gas giant hydrogen and helium
 Our Team Infographics

Max Alice
Nielsen
It’s the biggest planet in
Johnson
It’s the smallest planet
the Solar System in the Solar System

Susan
Peter Jones
It’s a cold place. It’s full
Bones
It’s composed mostly
of iron oxide dust of hydrogen and helium

Freddy
Hilary Duff
Smith
It’s the farthest planet Venus has a very
from the Sun poisonous atmosphere
 Our Team Infographics

Nick Jonas
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the
entire Solar System
Max Johns
Venus, the second
planet from the Sun, is
Louis hot and has a very
poisonous atmosphere
Bons
Jupiter is a gas giant,
the biggest planet in the
Solar System and the
fourth-brightest object
 Our Team Infographics

1 2 3 4 It’s a gas giant and the biggest

planet in the Solar System Alice Milles

It has a beautiful name, but it’s

hot, even more than Mercury Max Nielsen

Mars is actually a cold place. It’s Ted

a planet full of iron oxide dust
Williams
Mercury is the smallest and
Our Team closest planet to the Sun Susan Bones
 Our Team Infographics

Carla
Smith
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one in the Solar
John
System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon James
Venus has a beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s
hot and has a very
poisonous atmosphere
 Our Team Infographics

It’s the smallest planet in It’s the smallest planet in

Susan the Solar System
Johnson the Solar System

It’s composed mostly of It’s composed mostly of

Max hydrogen and helium
Freddy hydrogen and helium

Venus has a very Venus has a very

Alice poisonous atmosphere
Louis poisonous atmosphere

It’s the biggest planet in It’s the biggest planet in

John the Solar System
Lisa the Solar System

It’s actually a cold place. It’s actually a cold place.

July It’s full of iron oxide dust
Jonny It’s full of iron oxide dust
 Our Team Infographics

Lucy H. Max D. Clara T. John L. Alice G. Amelie Peter L.

Despite being Jupiter is the Venus has a Saturn is a Neptune is R. is
Mercury This planet is
red, Mars is biggest very gas giant and the farthest the smallest now
actually a planet of poisonous has several planet from planet of considered a
cold place them all atmosphere rings the Sun them all dwarf planet