Metode Harga Pokok Pesanan

PERTEMUAN III
Dr Rilla Gantino, SE., Ak., MM
Program Studi Akuntansi- FEB
 Job Order
Costing
This Slide from Cost Accounting
Horngrem/Datar/Foster

©2003 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Cost Accounting 11/e, Horngren/Datar/Foster 4-2
KEMAMPUAN AKHIR YANG DIHARAPKAN
• Mampu menjelaskan dan mengimplementasikan perhitungan
harga pokok produk yang dihasilkan berdasarkan pesanan
dari pelanggan dengan metode penentuan harga pokok
pesanan produk yang diolah melalui satu / beberapa
departemen dengan pendekatan full costing dan pembuatan
kartu harga pokok pesanan
 Building-Block Concepts
of Costing Systems

Cost object

Direct costs
of a cost object
Indirect costs
of a cost object
4-4
 Building-Block Concepts
of Costing Systems
Cost Assignment

Direct Cost Tracing

Costs
Cost
Object
Indirect Cost Allocation
Costs
4-5
 Building-Block Concepts
of Costing Systems

Cost pool

Cost allocation base

4-6
 Job-Costing and
Process-Costing Systems

Job-costing Process-costing
system system

Distinct units Masses of identical

of a product or similar units of
or service a product or service
4-7
 Seven-Step Approach
to Job Costing
Step 1:
Identify the chosen cost object.
Step 2:
Identify the direct costs of the job.
Step 3:
Select the cost-allocation bases.
Step 4:
Identify the indirect costs.
4-8
 Seven-Step Approach
to Job Costing
Step 5:
Compute the rate per unit.
Step 6:
Compute the indirect costs.
Step 7:
Compute the total cost of the job.

4-9
 General Approach to Job Costing

A manufacturing company is planning to sell

a batch of 25 special machines (Job 650) to a
retailer for $114,800.
Step 1:
The cost object is Job 650.
Step 2:
Direct costs are: Direct materials = $50,000
Direct manufacturing labor = $19,000
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 General Approach to Job Costing

Step 3:
The cost allocation base is machine-hours.
Job 650 used 500 machine-hours.
2,480 machine-hours were used by all jobs.
Step 4:
Manufacturing overhead costs were $65,100.

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 General Approach to Job Costing

Step 5:
Actual indirect cost rate is
$65,100 ÷ 2,480 = $26.25 per machine-hour.
Step 6:
$26.25 per machine-hour × 500 hours = $13,125

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 General Approach to Job Costing

Step 7:
Direct materials $50,000
Direct labor 19,000
Factory overhead 13,125
Total $82,125

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 General Approach to Job Costing

What is the gross margin of this job?

Revenues $114,800
Cost of goods sold 82,125
Gross margin $ 32,675
What is the gross margin percentage?
$32,675 ÷ $114,800 = 28.5%

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 Source Documents

Job cost record

Materials requisition record

Labor time record

4 - 15
 Costing Systems

Actual costing is a system that uses actual

costs to determine the cost of individual jobs.
It allocates indirect costs based on the actual
indirect-cost rate(s) times the actual quantity
of the cost-allocation base(s).

4 - 16
 Costing Systems

Normal costing is a method that allocates

indirect costs based on the budgeted
indirect-cost rate(s) times the actual
quantity of the cost allocation base(s).

4 - 17
 Normal Costing

Assume that the manufacturing company budgets

$60,000 for total manufacturing overhead costs
and 2,400 machine-hours.
What is the budgeted indirect-cost rate?
$60,000 ÷ 2,400 = $25 per hour
How much indirect cost was allocated to Job 650?
500 machine-hours × $25 = $12,500
4 - 18
 Normal Costing

What is the cost of Job 650 under normal costing?

Direct materials $50,000
Direct labor 19,000
Factory overhead 12,500
Total $81,500

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 Transactions

Purchase of materials and other manufacturing input

Conversion into work in process inventory

Conversion into finished goods inventory

Sale of finished goods

4 - 20
 Transactions

$80,000 worth of materials (direct and

indirect) were purchased on credit.
Materials Accounts Payable
Control Control
1. 80,000 1. 80,000

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 Transactions

Materials costing $75,000 were sent to the

manufacturing plant floor.

$50,000 were issued to Job No. 650 and

$10,000 to Job 651.
$15,000 of indirect materials were issued.
What is the journal entry?

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 Transactions

Work in Process Control:

Job No. 650 50,000
Job No. 651 10,000
Factory Overhead Control 15,000
Materials Control 75,000

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 Transactions

Materials Work in Process

Control Control
1. 80,000 2. 75,000 2. 60,000

Manufacturing
Overhead
Control Job 650
2. 15,000 2. 50,000
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 Transactions

Total manufacturing payroll for

the period was $27,000.
Job No. 650 incurred direct labor costs
of $19,000 and Job No. 651 incurred
direct labor costs of $3,000.
$5,000 of indirect labor was also incurred.
What is the journal entry?
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 Transactions

Work in Process Control:

Job No. 650 19,000
Job No. 651 3,000
Manufacturing Overhead Control 5,000
Wages Payable 27,000

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 Transactions

Wages Payable Work in Process

Control Control
3. 27,000 2. 60,000
3. 22,000
Manufacturing
Overhead
Control Job 650
2. 15,000 2. 50,000
3. 5,000 3. 19,000
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 Transactions

Wages payable were paid.

Wages Payable Control 27,000
Cash Control 27,000

Wages Payable Cash

Control Control
4. 27,000 3. 27,000 4. 27,000

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 Transactions

Assume that depreciation for the

period is $26,000.
Other manufacturing overhead
incurred amounted to $19,100.
What is the journal entry?

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 Transactions

Manufacturing Overhead Control 45,100

Accumulated Depreciation
Control 26,000
Various Accounts 19,100
What is the balance of the Manufacturing
Overhead Control account?

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 Transactions

$62,000 of overhead was allocated to the

various jobs of which $12,500 went to Job 650.

Work in Process Control 62,000

Manufacturing Overhead Control 62,000
What are the balances of the control accounts?

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 Transactions

Manufacturing Overhead Work in Process

Control Control
2. 15,000 6. 62,000 2. 60,000
3. 5,000 3. 22,000
5. 45,100 6. 62,000
Bal. 3,100 Bal. 144,000

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 Transactions

The cost of Job 650 is:

Job 650
2. 50,000
3. 19,000
6. 12,500
Bal. 81,500

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 Transactions

Jobs costing $104,000 were completed and

transferred to finished goods, including Job 650.
What effect does this have on the control accounts?

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 Transactions

Work in Process Finished Goods

Control Control
2. 60,000 7. 104,000 7. 104,000
3. 22,000
6. 62,000
Bal. 40,000

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 Transactions

Job 650 was sold for $114,800.

What is the journal entry?
Accounts Receivable Control 114,800
Revenues 114,800
Cost of Goods Sold 81,500
Finished Goods Control 81,500

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 Transactions

What is the balance in the Finished Goods

Control account?

$104,000 – $81,500 = $22,500

Assume that marketing and administrative
salaries were $9,000 and $10,000.
What is the journal entry?

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 Transactions

Marketing and Administrative Costs 19,000

Salaries Payable Control 19,000

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 Transactions

Direct Materials Used $60,000

+ Direct Labor and Overhead $84,000

– Cost of Goods Manufactured $104,000

= Ending WIP Inventory $40,000

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 Transactions

Cost of Goods Manufactured$104,000

– Ending Finished Goods Inventory $22,500

= Cost of Goods Sold $81,500

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 End-Of-Period Adjustments

Manufacturing Manufacturing
Overhead Control Overhead Applied
Bal. 65,100 Bal. 62,000

Underallocated indirect costs

Overallocated indirect costs

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 End-Of-Period Adjustments

How was the allocated overhead determined?

2,480 machine-hours × $25 budgeted rate = $62,000
$65,100 – $62,000 = $3,100 (underallocated)

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 End-Of-Period Adjustments

Actual manufacturing overhead costs of $65,100

are more than the budgeted amount of $60,000.

Actual machine-hours of 2,480 are more than

the budgeted amount of 2,400 hours.

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 End-Of-Period Adjustments

Approaches to disposing underallocated

or overallocated overhead:
1. Adjusted allocation rate approach
2. Proration approaches
3. Immediate write-off to Cost of Goods
Sold approach

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 Adjusted Allocation
Rate Approach

Actual manufacturing overhead ($65,100)

exceeds manufacturing overhead allocated
($62,000) by 5%.
3,100 ÷ 62,000 = 5%
Actual manufacturing overhead rate is $26.25
per machine-hour ($65,100 ÷ 2,480) rather
than the budgeted $25.00.
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 Adjusted Allocation
Rate Approach
The manufacturing company could increase
the manufacturing overhead allocated to
each job by 5%.
Manufacturing overhead allocated to Job 650
under normal costing is $12,500.
$12,500 × 5% = $625
$12,500 + $625 = $13,125, which equals
actual manufacturing overhead.
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 Proration Approach

Basis to prorate under- or overallocated overhead:

– total amount of manufacturing overhead
allocated (before proration)
– ending balances of Work in Process, Finished
Goods, and Cost of Goods Sold

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 Proration Approach “A”

Assume the following manufacturing

overhead component of year-end
balances (before proration):
Work in Process $23,500 38%
Finished Goods 26,000 42%
Cost of Goods Sold 12,500 20%
Total $62,000 100%
4 - 48
 Proration Approach “A”

Manufacturing Overhead Finished Goods

65,100 62,000 22,500
3,100 1,302
0 23,802 Cost of Goods Sold
Work in Process
81,500 40,000
620 1,178
82,120 41,178
4 - 49
 Proration Approach “B”

Ending balances of Work in Process,

Finished Goods, and Cost of Goods Sold
Work in Process $ 40,000 28%
Finished Goods 22,500 16%
Cost of Goods Sold 81,500 56%
Total $144,000 100%

4 - 50
 Proration Approach “B”

Manufacturing Overhead Finished Goods

65,100 62,000 22,500
3,100 496
0 22,996 Cost of Goods Sold
Work in Process
81,500 40,000
1,736 868
83,236 40,868
4 - 51
 Immediate Write-off to Cost of
Goods Sold Approach
Manufacturing Overhead
65,100 62,000
3,100 0

Cost of
Goods Sold
81,500
3,100 84,600

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 Variations of Normal Costing

Home Health budget includes the following:

Total direct labor costs: $400,000
Total indirect costs: $96,000
Total direct (professional) labor-hours: 16,000

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 Variations of Normal Costing

What is the budgeted direct labor cost rate?

$400,000 ÷ 16,000 = $25
What is the budgeted indirect cost rate?
$96,000 ÷ 16,000 = $6

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 Variations of Normal Costing

Suppose a patient uses 25 direct labor-hours.

Assuming no other direct costs, what is the
cost to Home Health?
Direct labor: 25 hours × $25 = $625
Indirect costs: 25 hours × $6 = 150
Total $775

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