Introduction:

SEAM 6
Module No.:
02TOPIC 6 :
LIST STABILITY
• FUNCTION: Table A-II/1 Function 1: Navigation at the Operational
Level.
• COURSE OUTCOME CO1: Explain the importance of maintaining
stability during loading, unloading and in-transit in various
conditions.
• CO2: Calculate the effect on trim and stability of a ship in the event
of damage to and consequent flooding of a compartment and
countermeasures to be taken.
• KUP: A-II/2 F3 C1. KUP 1: Understanding of fundamental principles
of a ship construction and the theories and factors affecting trim
and stability and measures necessary to preserve trim and stability.
• A-II/2 F3. C1. KUP 2 : Knowledge of the effect on trim and stability
of a ship in the event of damage to and consequent flooding of a
compartment and countermeasures to be taken.
• A-II/2 F3 C1. KUP3: Knowledge of IMO recommendations
concerning ship stability.
 Teaching & Learning Activities

- Analytical Discussion on the difference between the heel and

list with respect to trim and stability of the ship

Activity No.1:
- Construct a comparative table on the difference between
the heel and list with respect to trim and stability of the ship.

Activity No.2:
Calculate the List and Trim of the vessel on the given problems
 INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE
Course Title: SEAM 6 – Advanced Trim, Stability &
Stress.
Topic: LIST STABILITY
ILO’s: At the end of the lesson, the students should be
able to:
⚫Explain and state the difference between the heel and
list with respect to trim and stability of the ship.
⚫Construct a comparative table on the difference
between the heel and list with respect to trim and
stability of the ship.
⚫ Calculate angle of LIST and its CORRECTION
What is Ship Stability list?
marine. A steady angle of heel created by forces
within the ship. For example, when the ship is inclined
due to her asymmetric construction, or by shifting a
weight transversely within the ship. The list reduces of
ship's stability.

What is list and heel?

A list reduces the stability of the vessel. When a list is
corrected by increasing the displacement mass, the
additional weight should be placed as low as possible in
the vessel. HEEL. A vessel is said to be heeled when it is
inclined by an external force, e.g. from waves or the wind.
 Topic 6 List
LO1.7: Differentiate between the heel and list
with respect to trim and stability of the ship

TLA - Analytical Discussion on the difference

between the heel and list with respect to trim and
stability of the ship

Activity No.6:
- Construct a comparative table on the difference
between the heel and list with respect to trim and
stability of the ship. -
 TOPIC 6:
LIST STABILITY

LIST AND ITS CORRECTION

LIST AND ITS CORRECTION
Example1:
A ship of 6000 tons displacement has KM=
7.3m and KG= 6.7m and is floating upright. A
weight of 60 tons already onboard is shifted
12m transversely. Find the resultant list
LIST AND ITS CORRECTION
Example:
Figure (a) shows the initial position of G before
the weight was shifted and figure (b) shows the
final position of G after weight has been shifted.
LIST AND ITS CORRECTION
Example:
When the weight is shifted transversely the ship’s center
of gravity will also shift transversely from G to G1. The
ship will then list θ degrees to bring G1 vertically under
M the metacenter
LIST AND ITS CORRECTION
GG1 = w x d = 60 x 12
W 6000
GG1 = 0.12 m

GM = KM – KG = 7.3 – 6.7 = 0.6m

In triangle GG1M:

tan θ = GG1
GM
= 0.12/0.60
= 0.20
Ans. List θ is = 11°18.5’
LIST AND ITS CORRECTION
Example2:
A ship of 8000 tons displacement has KM= 8.7m and KG=
7.6m the following weights are then loaded and
discharged.
Load 250 tons cargo KG 6.1m and centre of gravity 7.6m to
starboard of the centerline
Load 300 tons fuel oil KG 0.6m and the centre of gravity
6.1m to port of centerline
Discharge 50 tons of ballast KG 1.2m and center of gravity
4.6m to port of centerline.
LIST AND ITS
CORRECTION
Example2:
Note: In this type of
problem, find the
final KG by taking
moments about the
keel, and the final
distance of the
center of gravity
from the centerline
by taking moments
about the centerline.
LIST AND ITS CORRECTION
Example2:
Moments about the keel

Weight KG Moments about

the keel

8000 7.6 60,800

250 6.1 1,525

300 0.6 180

-50 1.2 -60

8500 62,445
Final KG = Final moment
Final displacement
= 62,445
8,500
Final KG = 7.35 m

KM = 8.70m
Final KG = -7.35m
Final GM = 1.35m
 LIST AND ITS
CORRECTION
Example2:
Moments about the centerline

GG1 = Final moment tan θ = GG1

Final displacement GM
= -0.035 = -0.0259
= -300
1.35
8,500 Ans. Final List θ is = 1°29’ to Stbd
GG1 = 0.035 m to starboard

Weight d Listing
Moments
+250 -7.6 -1,900
+300 +6.1 +1,830 Note: For levers to port, use +
-50 +4.6 -230 For levers to stbd, use -
-300
 SEAM 6
Module No.:
02
“CONTINUATION” OF TOPIC 6 AND 7

TOPIC 6 AND 7 :
LIST AND HEEL STABILITY
TRIM – LONGITUDINAL STABILITY
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
USING TRIM TABLES
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS

TRIM may be considered as the longitudinal equivalent

of list. Trim is also known as ‘longitudinal stability’
Instead of trim being measured in degrees, it is measured
as the difference between the drafts forward and aft.
If the difference is zero then the ship is on even keel.
If forward draft is greater that aft draft, the vessel is
trimmed by the bow.
If aft draft is greater than the forward draft, the vessel is
trimmed by the stern.
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS

Causes of Trim:
1. Moving loads fore and aft from one point to another
changes the trim of the ship but not the mean draft
2. Adding or removing loads to and from the ship will
involve a decrease or increase of the mean draft as well
as a change in trim
3. The change in water density where the ship floating
changes the mean draft as well as the trim of the ship.
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
GG1 = w x d
W
or W x GG1 = w x d
A trimming moment of W x GG1 is produced, but W x GG1 = w x
d,
Therefore,
The trimming moment = w x d
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
The ship will now trim until the centers of gravity and
buoyancy are again in the same vertical line.
Point F, the point about which the ship trims, is the center of
gravity of the water-plane area.
The point F is called the ‘center of flotation’ or ‘tipping center’
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
A vessel with a rectangular water-plane has its centre of
flotation on the centre line amidships but, on a ship, it may be
a little forward or abaft amidships, depending on the shape of
the water-plane.
In trim problems, unless stated otherwise, it is to be assumed
that the center of flotation is situated amidships.
The moment to change trim one centimetre (denoted by MCT 1 cm or
MCTC)
The MCT 1 cm or MCTC, is the moment required to change trim by 1
cm, and may be calculated by using the formula:
MCT 1 cm = W x GML
100L
Where
W = the vessel’s displacement in tonnes
GML = the longitudinal metacentric height in meters
L = the vessel’s length in meters.
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
Change of draft forward and aft due to change of trim
When a ship changes trim it will obviously cause a
change in the drafts forward and aft.
One of these will be increased and the other decreased.
Observe properly the next slide

Trimming moment = displacement x trimming arm

Trimming moment = displacement x horizontal distance of GG1
At even keel the LCG and LCB are equal, hence the LCG at even
keel can be substituted by the value of LCB, Thus trimming arm
also equals
Trimming arm (GB) = LCG-LCB
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
Trim = Trimming moment
MTC x 100

Trim = Displacement x trimming arm

MTC x 100

Trim = Displacement x (LCG-LCB)

MTC x 100
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
Trimming moment = displacement x trimming
arm
Trimming moment = displacement x horizontal
distance of GG1
At even keel the LCG and LCB are equal, hence
the LCG at even keel can be substituted by the
value of LCB, Thus trimming arm also equals
Trimming arm (GB) = LCG-LCB
Trim = Trimming moment
MTC x 100
meters (the unit of trim is
meter)
or
Trim = Displacement x trimming armmeters
MTC x 100

or
Trim = Displacement x (LCG-LCB) meters
MTC x 100
 Change of Trim = Trimming moment
MTC 1 cm

Change of draft (aft)= l X Change of trim

L

l = the distance of the center of

flotation from aft in meters
L = the ship’s length in meters

Therefore,
Change of draft (fwd) = Change of trim – Change of draft
(aft)
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
Change of Trim = Trimming moment
MTC 1 cm
Change of draft (aft)= l
X Change of trim
L
Change of draft (fwd)= (L – l)
X Change of trim
L
Change of draft (fwd) = Change of trim – Change of draft (aft)

l = the distance of the center of

flotation from aft in meters
L = the ship’s length in meters
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
Example1:
A ship 126 m long is floating at drafts of 5.5m F and 6.5m A. The
center of flotation is 3m aft of amidships. MCT 1cm = 240 tons-m.
Displacement = 6000 tons. Find the new drafts if a weight of 120
tons already on board is shifted forward a distance of 45 meters.
Solution: Trimming moment = w x d
= 120 x 45
= 5,400 tons m by the head

Change of trim = Trimming moment/ MCT 1 cm

= 5,400 / 240
= 22.5 cm by the head
Change of draft (aft)= l / L x Change of Trim
= 60 / 126 x 22.5
= 10.7 cm
 Change of draft (fwd) = (L-l) / L x Change of Trim
= (126 - 60) / 126 x 22.5
= 66/126 x 22.5
= 11.8 cm
Solution:
Original Drafts 6.500 m A 5.500 m F
Change due to trim -.107 m +0.118 m
Answers New drafts 6. 393 m A 5.618 m F

TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS

Effect of Loading and/or Discharging weights
When a weight is loaded at the centre of flotation it will produce no
trimming moment, but the ship’s drafts will increase uniformly so that the
ship displaces and extra weight of water equal to the weight loaded.
When a weight is loaded away from the centre of flotation, it will cause both
a bodily sinkage and a change of trim.
When a weight is discharge away from the centre of flotation, it will cause a
bodily rise and a change of trim.
TRIM AND DRAUGHT CALCULATIONS
Effect of Loading and/or Discharging weights
Bodily sinkage/ rise = w
TPC
Added or subtracted from the original drafts depending on operation:
Loading – Added to original draft
Discharging- Subtracted from draft

Example:
A ship 90m long, is floating at drafts 4.5m F and 5.0m A . The
Centre of flotation is 1.5m aft of amidships. TPC 10 tonnes.
MCTC 120 tons m. Find the new drafts if a weight of 450 tons
already onboard is loaded in a position 14m forward if
amidships.
Solution: Bodily sinkage = w / TPC
= 450 / 10
Bodily sinkage = 45 cm (to be added on original draft)
Solution: Change of trim = Trim moment / MCTC
= (450 x 15.5) / 120
Change of trim = 58.12 cm by the head
Change of draft (aft) = l / L x Change of Trim
= 43.5 / 90 x 58.12
= 28.09 cm
Change of draft (fwd) = (L-l) / L x Change of Trim
= (90 – 43.5) / 90 x 58.12
= 46.5 /90 x 58.12
= 30.03 cm

Solution Original Drafts 5.00 m A 4.500 m F

: Bodily Sinkage +0.450 m +0.450 m
5.540 m 4.950 m
Change due to Trim -0.281 m +0.300 m
Answers New drafts 5.169 m A 5.250 m F