A Bimodal Architecture using

Unlicensed band by developing RF

planning tool in Matlab and Lab view

Presented by
Samad Bin Khalid
MS-FA09-0028

Advisor
Sir Abbass Ali
Table of Content
 Problem Statement
 Abstract
Problem Statement
 In order to extent the coverage and capacity of cellular network the
Mobile Network Operator have implemented Unlicensed Mobile
Access by integrating it with UMTS and GSM core network as it is cost
effective and it is a fast deployment solution.

 Implementing UMA in villages and rural areas is an issues, as there is

no infrastructure for backhaul.

 Dual band Mobile hand set is not very common (3G+2G+Wifi), in fact the
majority of the users can not afford the expensive dual band mobile handsets.

 To extend the service to remote areas having low population, give rise
to develop a solution which could offer easy, cost effective and fast
deployment.
Abstract
 In the last few years the growth in mobile services is confined to urban
areas.

 The challenge now lies in providing affordable connectivity to the people

living in the rural areas.

 3GPP develop Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA).

 A Bimodal Architecture is developed on the principle of UMA.

 The Bimodal Architecture would provide Mobile Network Operators to

extend their network coverage.

 Implementing the Idea would not require to deploy full cellular site.
UMA Overview
 In traditional cellular network, mobile station (MS) talks with mobile
core network via access network, which consists of base station
(BS), base station controller (BSC) and antenna.

 In UMA solution, dual-mode handset will connect with mobile core

network via UMA network, which consists of access point, UNC
(UMA network controller). Once dual mode handset detect WiFi
network, it will connect with the UNC via IP connection
UMA Overview
UMA Interfaces
UMA Interfaces
 A-, Gb-, Wm-, Lb-, and D’/Gr’- interfaces are standardized and
commonly used in 2G/3G mobile networks. They define the used
protocols and methods for interoperation between different network
elements.

 The A interface works between the base station controller (BSC) and
the mobile switching centre (MSC).

 The Gb interface is used between the BSC and the SGSN (serving
GPRS support node). Main function for this interface is to define the
used protocols and techniques needed for support of GPRS packet
traffic and signaling.
UMA Interfaces
 The D’ / Gr’ interface is used for exchanging subscription information
between 3G AAA (Authentication, Authorization and Accounting) and
the HLR (Home Location Register) by means of MAP (Mobile
Application Part) protocol.

 The Lb interface is the newest addition to specifications. It is used

between the SMLC (Serving Mobile Location Centre) and UNC.

 Up interface is the new interface that UMA requires and it is used

between MS and UNC. This interface is used to define the signaling,
voice and data transfer protocol architectures for both circuit and
packet switched connections.
Requirements for Bimodal Architecture
 IP based RAN architecture where the different remote sites connect
with each other on IP based Microwave backhauling.The technology
proposed for this is an IEEE 802.11a and IEEE 802.11g

 Mobile Network Operators can setup Microwave Point to Point and

Point to Multipoint links in unlicensed band which is 5.0 GHz and 2.4
GHz.
 Bimodal Architecture user will not require a dual band Mobile hand
set, the user just need a conventional mobile handset in order to
make cellular transactions

 The minimum bandwidth of the Abis interface between the base

transceiver station (BTS) and the base station controller (BSC) is 2
Mbps.
Purposed Bimodal Network Architecture

OMC NMS

Abis Over IP

E1/T1
Core
RGW CGW BSC
GAP Network
Access E1/T1
Points IP based
Signaling Microwave link
Local Switching Function

Village B

Village A text

GAP
Access
Points

text

Signaling

GAP
Voice
Access
Points

LSF BSC MSC

Speech Data is
Switched Locally
Bimodal Architecture Network Elements
 GSM Access Point
 A GSM Access Point is a radio base station. It provides a GSM
interface for subscriber terminals and switches traffic within its local
cell. It also provides IP encapsulation for traffic being routed to the
Access gateways.

 Features
 850/900/1800/1900 MHz GSM air interface
 Light 5 m site construction
 2–3 km coverage with Omni or directional/sector antenna
 IP-based backhaul, typically 20-30 km range
 No BSC, transcoder or MSC needed to complete a local call
 Database with call records
Bimodal Architecture Network Elements
 Access Gateways
 Central Gateway (CGW) is a part of BSC end. Its main function is to
provide the internetworking function between the Cellular signaling
and the Microwave IP backhaul. The CGW is capable of converting
the E1/T1 signaling to IP in order to transmit the signaling for
network calls to the BTS site.

 Remote Gateway (RGW) is a part of BTS end where it reconverts

the cellular signaling over IP in E1/T1 and provide interface to
connect with the GSM Access point.
Bimodal Architecture Network Elements
 IP Backhaul
 The IP backhaul operates on the 5.0GHZ band which is an ISM band
(industrial Scientific Medical band) for which they do not have to
purchase the frequency as well

 The technology proposed for the microwave backhaul is the IEEE

802.11a which provides data rate up to 54 Mbps. 20- 30km of point
to point and point to multipoint backhaul links can be establish to
connect multiple remote sites with the BSC (Base Station Controller)
Microwave Backhaul Planning

 Fresnel Zone

 Earth Bulge

 Antenna Height

 Free Space path Loss Lp = (92.4 + 20 log10 F) + (20

log10 D)
 Received Signal RX Signal = EIRP – FSL + RX
Gt – Coax Cable Loss.
 Fade Margin SOM=RX Signal-RX Sensitivity
RF Planning for Cellular coverage
 Okumara–Hata model
LdB  A  B log d Km  E; Urban
LdB  A  B log d Km  C ; Suburban
LdB  A  B log d Km  D; Open
A  69.55  26.16 log f MHz  13.82 log hb ;
B  44.9  6.55 log hb ;
C  2(log( f MHz 28)) 2  5.4;
D  4.78(log f MHz ) 2  18.33 log f MHz  40.94;
E  3.2(log(11 .75hm )) 2  4.97; f MHz  300MHz
E  8.29(log(1.54hm )) 2  1.1; f MHz  300MHz
E  (1.1 log f MHz  0.7) hm  (1.56 log f MHz  0.8);
150MHz  f MHz  1500MHz ,30m  hb  200m, d  1Km
RF Planning for Cellular coverage
 COST 231 Extension to Hata Model