Internship

Presentation
On
Call Management

Submitted To Submitted By
Mr. Basudeo Singh Roohani Deependra Singh
Ms. Shanu Priya Chauhan 2001430100081
(Internship Coordinators) CSE-2

Department of Computer Science & Engineering

IMS Engineering College, Ghaziabad, India
2
🞂 History of BSNL
🞂 Company Profile
🞂 Telecom Network
◦ Call Setup
◦ HOW
SUBSCRIBER
REACHES TO
EXCHANGE
◦ Function of
exchange
🞂 ◦ Pulse
How Code Modulation
a Telecom
🞂
Exchange Works?
Mobile Department- GSM
◦ Switch Room
🞂
◦
technology
MDF
Broadband Technologies
o WiMAX
o 3G
o
🞂 Optical Fibers
Conclusion

🞂 Conclusion
🞂 Reference
 India’s oldest and largest communication service provider

 4th largest telecommunication company in asia and 7th largest in the world.

 Provides GSM and basic telephony service and first company in India
providing 3G.

 More than 3 laces of employees, officers and engineers are working

at present.
 Company Name: Bharat Sanchar Nigam
 Type: Ltd. State-owned
 Founded: enterprise
 Headquarters: 15 September 2000
 Industry: New Delhi, India
 Employees: Telecommunication
 Owner(s): s 2,44,891
 Website: Government of
India
www.bsnl.co.in
When a subscriber calls to another subscriber first its
request goes to the nearest switching centre that is PSTN
 If subscriber is not in the same BSC (Base Switching
Centre) then call transfer to MSC
If Caller calls to a mobile subscriber then call transfer is
done by MTSO
 Provides the switching facility
 Connection to the outside of the exchange
Contains telephone switching hardware such as
cabinets, racks, slots and cards
 (Main Distribution Frame)
•M.D.F. is a media between switching network and
subscriber’s line
•It is a termination point within the local telephone
exchange where exchange equipment and terminations
of local loops are connected by jumper wires.
•It consists of local connection and broadband
connection frames
•It provides testing of calls.
•All lines terminate individually.
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) system is used to
transmit the spoken word in digital form.
PCM systems use TDM technique to provide a number
of circuits on the same transmission medium.
Basic Requirements for PCM System
Filtering
Sampling
Quantisation
Encoding
Line Coding
 PCM Room
PCM Room consist of PCM transmitter and PCM
receiver.
Block diagram of transmitter

Low pass
sampler Quantizer Encoder
filter

Block diagram of receiver

Regenerati Reconstruc Destinatio

Decoder
ve tion filter n
repeater
GSM TECHNOLOGY
GSM is the Global System for Mobile Communication.
GSM is an international digital cellular
telecommunication standard. It is a fully digital
system.

A GSM system has up to a maximum of 200 full-

duplex channels per cell. Each channel consists of a
downlink frequency and an uplink frequency.

GSM handles channel access using a combination

of
slotted ALOHA, FDM and TDM.

13
 BSC

VMSC
BTS A
AUC
BTS HLR
BTS TRAU MSC EIR
BTS VLR

BTS BTS SMSC

BTS
MS
BC
BTS BSC

PSTN
 MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE (MSC)
It manages communication between caller,
users and other network users. MSC does
gateway function while communication is to
be established between its customers to
other network customers.

 HOME LOCATION REGISTER (HLR)

A home location register is a database that
contains subscriber’s location information.

15
 VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER
(VLR)
A VLR is a database which contains
temporary information concerning the
mobile subscriber currently located in a
given MSC area, but whose HLR is elsewhere.

 BASE STATION CONTROLLER (BSC)

The BSC is the radio resource management
for all under its control. It controls frequency
hopping. It performs traffic concentration to
reduce the number of lines from BSC to MSC
and BTS.

16
Encodes, encrypts, multiplexes,
modulates and feeds the RF signals to the
antenna
Transcoding and rate adaption Functionality
Time and frequency synchronisation
signals transmission.
11 power classes from .01 watts to
320 watts

17
GSM TECHNOLOGY
GSM is the Global System for Mobile Communication.
GSM is an international digital cellular
telecommunication standard. It is a fully digital
system.

A GSM system has up to a maximum of 200 full-

duplex channels per cell. Each channel consists of a
downlink frequency and an uplink frequency.

GSM handles channel access using a combination

of
slotted ALOHA, FDM and TDM.

18
 19

Broadband Technologies

Wireless Wireline

3G Mobile DSL (Digital Sub’s Line)

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Cable Modem

WiMAX Optical Fibre Technologies

PLC (Power Line Communication)

Satellite
ALTTC/DX/IBB_OV/
AKN
 Broadband Services
The term broadband refers to a telecommunication
signal of greater bandwidth.
IT IS USED
To provide high speed internet connectivity(up to
8 Mbps)
To provide VPN services to the broadband customers
To provide video and audio conferencing
To provide both prepaid and postpaid
broadband services
• WiMAX
– Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

– Is a certification mark for products that conformity pass

and interoperability tests for the 802.16 IEEE

– provides wireless data over long distances in a variety of

ways, from point-to-point links to full mobile cellular type
access
 WiMAX Applications
• According to WiMAX Forum it supports 5 classes of
applications:
1. Multi-player Interactive Gaming.

2. Video Conference

3. Streaming Media

4. Web Browsing and Instant Messaging

5. Media Content Downloads

• 3G is the next generation of wireless network technology; it
is also known as UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System).
• It provides high speed bandwidth (high data transfer rates)
to handheld devices.
• Specifically, 3G wireless networks support the
following maximum data transfer rates:-
 2 M bits /second to stationary devices.
 384 Kbits/ second for slowly moving devices, such as a
handset carried by a walking user.
 128 Kbits/second for fast moving devices, such as handset
in moving vehicles.
 Optical fibers are long, thin strands of very pure glass usually 120 µm
in diameter. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and
used to transmit light signals over long distances.
Parts of optical fiber:-
• Core – thin glass center of the fiber where light travels.

• Cladding – outer optical material surrounding the core.

• Buff er Coating – plastic

coating that protects

the fiber.
The angle of the light
is always greater than
the critical angle.
Cladding does not
absorb any light from
the core.
The extent that the
signal degrades
depends upon the
purity of the glass and
the wavelength of the
transmitted light.
Optical fibers come in two types:

Single-mode fibers

Multi-mode fibers
Single-mode fibers are used to
transmit one signal per fiber
(used in telephone and cable
TV). They have small core (9
microns in diameter) and
infra-red light from
transmit
laser.
Multi-mode fibers:-
Multi-mode fibers are used to
transmit many signals per fiber
(used in computer networks).
They have larger cores (62.5
microns in diameter) and
transmit infra-red from
light LED.
Carry plain old telephone service (POTS)
For transmission of data
Transmitting broadband signals
In the biomedical industry
Non-Communication Applications (sensors
etc…)
Less Expensive
Thinner
High Carrying Capacity
Less Signal Degradation
Light Signals
Low Power
Digital signals
Light Weight
Fiber optics are that the cables are expensive
to install.
The termination of a fiber optic cable is
complex and requires special tools.
They are more fragile than coaxial
cable.
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. Formed in October
2000 is the world’s 7th
largest Telecommunications company
 Presently it is one of the largest and leading
public
sector unit in India
Training aimed at providing the students with basic
knowledge about telecommunications and the
working of telecom exchanges
BSNL In-plant training material
www.bsnl.co.in
www.wikepedia.org
Telecommunication system engineering by Roger L
Freeman
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