Statistics and Probability

Statistics and Probability Illustrating a Random Variable

(Discrete and Continuous) B. Complete the table below.
Types of random variable
1) discrete
What I Know 2) continues
1. C 6. A 11. D
2. C 7. C 12. C
3) discrete
3. C 8. A 13. C 4) Continues
4. A 9. B 14. A 5) Discrete
5. D 1O. C 15. D Random variab
1) number of ringing of phone
What I Have Learned
2) time of the students to finish the test
1.DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE
3) number of complaints
2.CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE 4) height of the tallest building
5) number of mobile
3.QUANTITY WHO VALUE CHANGES
What I Can Do
4.CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLE

5.DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

1.C 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.D
Assessment Additional
Activities
1. D
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. C
6. C
7. C
8. A
9. A
1O. C
11. B
12. D
13. D
14. D
15. C
Statistics and
Probability
Distinguishing Between a
Discrete and a Continuous
Random Variable
Statistics and Probability Distinguishing Between a
Discrete and a ContinuousRandom Variable

What I Know What’s In

1. D 1. HH HT TT TH or H T
2. D 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6
3. A 3. H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6
4. C C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6
5. D
S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6
6. D
7. D
D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, D6
8. D heart (h) clover (c) diamond (d) spade (s)
9. A 4. 14 14, 14 2, 14 4, 14 6, 14 8, 14 10, 14 12, 14 16
1O. C 16 16, 16 2, 16 4, 16 8, 16 10, 16 12, 16 14
11. B 5. H1 H2 h3 h4 h5 h6
12. D t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6
13. D
14. A
15. B
What’s New EXPERIMENT : Two cards are drawn from a deck.

NUMBER X: Sum of the numbers on the cards

POSSIBLE VALUE OF X : 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20

EXPERIMENT : Roll a pair of dice

NUMBER X: Sum of the number of dots on the top faces

POSSIBLE VALUE OF X : 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

EXPERIMENT : Toss a pair of coin repeatedly

NUMBER X: Number of tosses until the coin lands head

POSSIBLE VALUE OF X : 0, 1, 2

EXPERIMENT : Height of an individual

NUMBER X: Height of your father

POSSIBLE VALUE OF X : 120<=x<=180

What’s More
Independent Activity 1.
1. Step 1: List all simple events in sample space. Step 2: Find probability for each simple event. Step 3: List
possible values for random variable X and identify the value for each simple event. Step 4: Find all simple events
for which X = k, for each possible value k1

2. -A discrete variable is a variable whose value is obtained by counting. A continuous variable is a variable whose
value is obtained by measuring. A random variable is a variable whose value is a numerical outcome of a random
phenomenon. A discrete random variable X has a countable number of possible values.
-Random variables are classified into discrete and continuous variables. The main difference between the two categories
is the type of possible values that each variable can take. In addition, the type of (random) variable implies the particular
method of finding a probability distribution function.
Independent Assessment 2.
1.continuous
2.discrete
3.continuous
4discrete
5.discrete

Independent Activity 2.
1. discrete random variable
2. discrete random variable
3. continuous random variable
What I Have Learned
1.  Random Variable
2.Discrete Variable
3.Continuous Variable
Independent Assessment 2.
1. continuous random variable
2. discrete random variable
3. discrete random variable
4 . continuous random variable
5. continuous random variable
6. discrete random variable
7. discrete random variable
8. continuous random variable
9. continuous random variable
10.continuous random variable
What I Can Do
1. Continous random variable
2. Continuous random variable
Assessment
Additional Activities
1.A
2.C 1.C
3.D 2.C
4.C 3.C
5.A 4.D
6.D 5.D
7.B
8. A
9. C
1o. B
11. C
12. A
13. B
14. C
15. D
Statistics andProbability Finding Possible Values of a
Random Variable
What’s New
What I Know What’s In
1. 6. 1.Discrete
11.
2. 7. 12. 2.Discrete
3. 8. 13. 3.Continouos
4. 9. 14. 4.Continouos
5. 1O. 15. 5.Discrete
What’s More
Independent Activity 1. Independent Assessment 1
1. Step 1: List all simple events in sample
space. Step 2: Find probability for each simple
event. Step 3: List possible values for random
variable X and identify the value for each simple
event. Step 4: Find all simple events for which X
= k, for each possible value

2. A random variable is different from an Independent Assessment 2

algebraic variable. The variable in an
algebraic equation is an unknown value that
can be calculated. ... On the other hand, a
random variable has a set of values, and any
of those values could be the resulting
outcome as seen in the example of the dice
above

What I Have Learned
1. Sample Space
2. Discrete Random Variable
3. Simple Event , Probability
What I Can Do
P(X=number of occupants working)
Add 25,18,12 and 5. The sum is 60 so there
are 60 households in a local community.
P(X=1)=1/60
P(X=2)=2/60 or 1/30
P(X=3)=3/60 or 1/20
P(X=4)=4/60 or 1/15
The possible values are 1.6, 3.33, 5 and 0.06

Assessment Additional Activities

1. C
2. A 1.. BY, YB, BB, YY
1O A.
3. B 11. C 2. 0, 0, 1, 1
4. B 12. B
5.A 13. C
6.C 14. A
7.D 15. B
8. D
9. B
Statistics and ProbabilityIllustrating aProbability Distribution
for a DiscreteRandom Variable and its Properties
What’s More Independent
What’s New Activity 1
1. S= (RRR, RRW, RWR, WRR, WWR, WRW,
RWW, WWW) 1. Does not represent a probability distribution
2. Note: DRAW A COLUMN
What I Know OUTCOME | NUMBER OF REDBALLS
2. Represents a probability distribution
RRR. | 3 3. Does not represent a probability distribution
1. C RRW | 2 4. Does not represent a probability distribution
2. C RWR | 2 5. Represents a probability distribution
3. D WRR | 2
WWR | 1
4. C WRW | 1 Independent Activity II
5. D RWW | 1 Number of Girls
6. B WWW | 0
3. Note: DRAW A COLUMN
7.B value of R | FREQUENCY
8. C 3|4
9. D 2|1
1O. A 1|2
0|1
11. C 4. Note: DRAW A COLUMN
12. B value of R |FREQUENCY | probability
13.B 3 | 4 | 1/4
2 | 1 | 3/8
14. D 1 | 2 | 1/4
15. A 0 | 1 | 1/16
 Independent Activity III Rolling With the above declaration,
Two Dice the outcomes where the sum of
Note that there are 36 possibilities for (a,b). This total the two dice is equal to 5 form
Rolling Two Dice number of possibilities can be obtained from the an event. If we call this event
When rolling two dice, distinguish between them multiplication principle: there are 6 possibilities for a, and E, we have
in some way: a first one and second one, a left and for each outcome for a, there are 6 possibilities for b. So, E={(1,4),(2,3),(3,2),(4,1)}.
a right, a red and a green, etc. Let (a,b) denote a the total number of joint outcomes (a,b) is 6 times 6 which Note that we have listed all the
possible outcome of rolling the two die, with a the is 36. The set of all possible outcomes for (a,b) is called the ways a first die and second die
number on the top of the first die and b the number sample space of this probability experiment. add up to 5 when we look at
With the sample space now identified, formal probability
on the top of the second die. Note that each of a theory requires that we identify the possible events. These their top faces.
and b can be any of the integers from 1 through 6. are always subsets of the sample space, and must form a Consider next the probability of E, P(E).
Here is a listing of all the joint possibilities for sigma-algebra. In an example such as this, where the Here we need more information. If the
(a,b): sample space is finite because it has only 36 different two dice are fair and independent , each
(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6) outcomes, it is perhaps easiest to simply declare ALL possibility (a,b) is equally likely.
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6) subsets of the sample space to be possible events. That will Because there are 36 possibilities in all,
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6) be a sigma-algebra and avoids what might otherwise be an and the sum of their probabilities must
annoying technical difficulty. We make that declaration equal 1, each singleton event {(a,b)} is
(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
with this example of two dice. assigned probability equal to 1/36.
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6) Because E is composed of 4 such distinct
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6) singleton events, P(E)=4/36= 1/9.
In general, when the two dice are fair
and independent, the probability of any
event is the number of elements in the
event divided by 36
 What I Have Learned

What I Can Do
Assessment
1. C 1O. D
2. B 1. C
11. A 2. D
3. A 12. C 1O. A
4. B 3. A
13. B 11. C
5. A 4. C
14. C 12. B
6. C 5. A
15. A 13. A
7. D 6. B
14. D
8.B 7. D
15. B
9. a 8. B
9. C
 Additional Activities
H = Heads, T = Tails
Each of the 4 tosses can be either H or T, so there are 4^2
(16) possibilities.
The possibilities are: 4 H, 3 H and 1 T (in various orders), 2
H and 2 T (in various orders), 1 H and 3 T (in various
orders), or 4 T.

If you need it in more detail:

4H=HHHH

3 H and 1 T: H H H T, H H T H, H T H H, T H H H

2 H and 2 T: H H T T, H T T H, T T H H, H T H T, T H T H,
THHT

1 H 3 T: H T T T, T H T T, T T H T, T T T H

4 T: T T T T
Statistics and Probability Computing Probability Corresponding to a Given
Random Variable

What I Know What’s More Independent

11.D Activity I
1.B 6.C
12.A 1. P (x ≥ 2) = 0.25 + 0.30 + 0.20 = 0.75
2.A 7.A
13.C
3.B 8.B 2. P (x ≤ 3) = 0.10 + 0.15 + 0.25 + 0.30 = 0.80.
14.C
4.D 9,D
15.B
5. B 10. 3. P ( 1 ≤ x ≤ 4 ) = 0.10 + 0.25 + 0.30 + 0.20 = 0.85
A Activity II
Independent Independent
Number of Absences Activity III 4. P(2) + P(4) = 0.25 + 0.20 = 0.45

1. 7/10 a. 0.57

2. 1/2 b. 0.80

3. 1/2 c. 0.73
What I Have Learned
1 .It is computed using the formula μ=∑xP(x). The
variance σ2 and standard deviation σ of a discrete
random variable X are numbers that indicate the
variability of X over numerous trials of the
experiment. They may be computed using the
formula σ2=[∑x2P(x)]−μ2
2. Probability is simply how likely
something is to happen. Whenever we're
unsure about the outcome of an event, we
can talk about the probabilities of certain
outcomes—how likely they are. The
analysis of events governed by probability
is called statistics.
3. We toss a coin three times and observe the
sequence of heads/tails. The sample space here
may be defined as
S={(H,H,H),(H,H,T),(H,T,H),(T,H,H),(H,T,T),
(T,H,T),(T,T,H),(T,T,T)}
4. An EXPERIMENT is any activity with an
observable result. ... An OUTCOME (or SAMPLE
POINT) is the result of a the experiment. The set of
all possible outcomes or sample points of an
experiment is called the SAMPLE SPACE. An
EVENT is a subset of the sample space.
 e)

What I Can Do P(3 <= X <=

10)
1+2
number of possible outcomes c) 1+3
6*6 = 36 d) 1+4
P(X <= 7) 1+5
a) x/36 1+1 P(X = even 1+6
b) 1+2 value) 2+1
2+2
sum of pairs which P(X >= 8) 1+3 1+1 2+3
2+6 1+4 1+3 2+4
2+5
3+5 1+5 1+5 2+6 5 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 5 + 4 = 32
3+6 1+6 3+1
4+4
2+2 3+2
2+1 2+4 3+3 32/36 = 8/9
4+5 2+2 3+4
4+6 2+6 3+5
2+3 3+6
5+3 2+4 3+1 4+1
5+4 2+5 3+3 4+2
4+3
5+5 3+1 3+5 4+4
5+6 3+2 so on.. 4+5
4+6
6+2 3+3 3*6 = 18 5+1
6+3 3+4 5+2
6+4 18/36 = 1/2 5+3
so on.. 5+4
6+5 6+5+4+3+2+1 5+5
6+6 6+1
= 21 6+2
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 = 15possibilities 21/36 = 7/12 6+3
18/36 = 1/2 6+4
 Additional Activities
Assessment
1.
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. D
5. A
6. C
7. B
8. D
9. B
1O. A
11. A
12. C
13. A
14. B
15. C