Final Period

Topics

01 1. Group Dynamics

02 2. Group and Characteristics of

a Group

03 3. Group Development, group Effectiveness

and Efficiency
Meaning and Definitions of Group
Dynamics
The term ‘group dynamics’ means the study of
forces within a group.
Since human beings have an innate desire for
belonging to a group, group dynamism is bound
to occur.
In an organization or in a society, we can see
groups, small or large, working for the well-
being.
Importance of Group Dynamism
1. A group can influence the way the members think.
2. The group can give the effect of synergy, that is, if the group
consists of positive thinkers then its output is more than double
every time.
3. Group dynamism can furthermore give job satisfaction to the
members.
4. The group can also infuse the team spirit among the members.
5. Even the attitude, insights & ideas of members depend on group
dynamism.
6. If the group works as a cohesive group, the cooperation and
convergence can result in maximiza­tion of productivity
7. Group dynamism can reduce labor unrest
 Topic: 2: Group and
characteristics of a Group
2
 What is a Group
A group is an assemblage of many people.
In simple words, it can be understood as a
collection of two or more two individuals
coming together to interact with each other; so
that they can achieve the same goals and
objectives of an organization or a company.
This lays the foundation of a company.
Characteristics of a Group
1)  Size- 
A group is formed with at least two members.
Usually, the number of group members in a
group ranges from 15 to 20 members.
2) Goals- 
The reason behind the existence of a group is
having certain goals to achieve among the
group members. A group cannot exist without a
goal.
3) Norms- 
A group must have certain norms for
effective interaction with the group
members.
4) Structure- 
Based on the roles as well as the
positions held by the members, the
group has to have a structure.
4) Structure- 
Based on the roles as well as the
positions held by the members, the
group has to have a structure.
5) Roles- 
The group leader assigns a certain
role to every group member which
they have to achieve in a given
time.  
 6) Interaction- 
Interacting with the members is very crucial for the
group as it increases the bond and motivation to
work efficiently. The interaction among the
members can occur in various ways.

7) Collective Identity- 
A group is an aggregation of individuals. The individuals are
separately called the members and collectively called a
group.
 Types of Groups
1) Formal Groups- 
Formal groups are those groups that are formed by
the management of an organization or a
company to achieve certain goals and
objectives.

a)  Self-directed Teams- 

b) Quality Circles-
c)  Committees- 
d)  Task Force- 
 a)  Self-directed Teams-
The group of employees who are authorized
to make their own decisions are called self-
directing teams.

b) Quality Circles- 
Several employees who meet every week for an
hour to talk about their problems and are
classed together to the same fields come
under the category of quantity circles.
c)  Committees- A committee is formed by
the management of an organization for different
matters to identify and discuss the issues of the
company and arrive at a conclusion.

d)  Task Force- 

Taskforce is a temporary committee where
the people belonging from different fields
are grouped for the performance of the
task.
2)  Informal Groups- 
Informal groups are formed by
the social and psychological
variables operating in the
workplace.
 Group Development
Group development refers to the process by
which members of newly formed work teams
learn about their teammates, establish their
roles and responsibilities, and acquire the
task work and teamwork capabilities
required to coordinate their effort to perform
effectively as a team.
Stages of Group Development

1. Forming
2. Storming
3. Norming
4. Performing
5. Adjourning
1) Forming Stage- 

The very first stage of group development

is the forming stage. This stage presents
the time where a group is just formed
and the members are starting to come
together as a team. In this stage, the
members are learning what to do.
2) Storming Stage- 

The storming stage is the second stage of

group development. In this stage, the
group members have understood the
work and therefore the dispute and the
competition are at a high level.
 3) Norming Stage-
This is the stage where the group becomes fun
and enjoyable because the interaction among
the members is easier, productive, and
cooperative.
 Bruce Tuckman's 1965 Team-Development Model

4. Performing – Working as one

At this stage, a sense of belongingness is established because the
talents, skills, and experience of each group member are
acknowledged. The work becomes more flexible.
 Bruce Tuckman's 1965 Team-Development Model

5. Adjourning - moving off into different directions.

This stage is very crucial in group development. This stage shows that the
project has come to an end. 
Final Topics:
 Team Building
 Material Control and Prevention
 The Seven Tools of Quality
Management
  Team Building
The action or process of causing a group of
people to work together effectively as a team,
especially by means of activities and events
designed to increase motivation and promote
cooperation.
"companies are starting to turn to arts-based
training programs as a way of team building
and improving morale"
Definitions from Oxford Languages
 The 4 Types of Team
Building
1. Activity-Based - allows your team to bond as they work
together to achieve a common goal.
example:
a. Physical Activities – Physical activities get your team out
of their everyday environment and simultaneously get
them up and moving.
b. Intellectual Activities – Challenge your team to think
strategically and work together towards a common goal
with an intellectual activity.
2. Skill-Based - This type of team building is tied directly to your
team’s performance and is meant to teach your team a skill that
they can immediately implement into their everyday lives.
3. Value-Based - Team members bond over the memorable
experience of giving back to those in need.
4. Team Bonding - Social networking gives teams the
opportunity to relax and helps colleagues build stronger
working relationships. Allow your team to get to know each
other more personally by giving them a team bonding
experience.
 Control and Quality Control
System
Quality control - as "part of quality management
focused on fulfilling quality requirements."
While quality assurance relates to how a process is
performed or how a product is made, quality
control is more the inspection aspect of quality
management.
 Quality Control System
Quality control (QC) is a process through
which a business seeks to ensure that
product quality is maintained or
improved. Quality control involves
testing units and determining if they are
within the specifications for the final
product.
 What is the purpose of
quality control systems?
A QMS can provide a systematic approach to lean
process improvement. It can help identify quality
issues, eliminate unnecessary activities, and close
gaps in performance. ‘The purpose of a Quality
Management System is to provide a formal
system of tools and processes and allow
certification via an independent agency.
By: Leslie Bloom

Quality Control Tools

There are many approaches to quality control.
The type you use depends on your specific product
and should be determined before any quality
control inspection begins.
Seven primary quality control tools
which include:
Checklists. At its most basic, quality control requires you to
check off a list of items that are imperative to manufacture
and sell your product.
Fishbone diagram. This visual is helpful for determining what
causes a specific problem, be it materials, machines,
methods or manpower.
Control chart. This helps you see how processes historically
change using controls. The chart helps you find and correct
problems as they happen, predict a range of outcomes and
analyze variations.
Fishbone diagramhttps://www.lucidchart.com/blog/what-are-the-7-
basic-quality-tools
 Checklists.
With its simple setup and easy-to-read graphics,
check sheets make it easy to record
preliminary frequency distribution data when
measuring out processes. This particular
graphic can be used as a preliminary data
collection tool when creating histograms, bar
graphs, and other quality tools.
Control chart.
Stratification. Instead of looking at all factors together,
stratification separates data so you can identify patterns
and specific problem areas.
Pareto chart. This type of bar chart provides a visual
analysis of problems and causes so you can focus on the
most significant issues.
Histogram. A common graph that uses bars to identifies
frequency distributions that indicate how often defects
occur.
Scatter Diagram. Plotting information along two axes on
this graph can help visually identify relationships
between variables.
Stratification
Pareto chart.
Histogram.
Scatter Diagram.
How to Develop a Quality Control Plan
By: Brittany Menard

A quality control plan offers a method for ensuring products, services

or employees have reached a specific standard.
Quality control is usually the last step a product goes through before
being sent to the customer and consists of a series of systems and
procedures to ensure the highest standards have been met.
Quality control is in place to make sure the customer is satisfied with
the final product and a company’s reputation remains intact. It also
determines the root source of problems and helps to fix them and
ensure the corrections are permanent.
 Evaluate how you plan to test
quality.
Evaluate how you plan to test quality. Consider
factors such as how often you plan to test, where
along the assembly process you will test, how
long the process will take and any resources
required. Major phases or checkpoints of a
product’s creation need to be tested before
moving forward.
Thanks!