A PROJECT WORK

SUBMITTED TO
THE BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
ST. PAUL
SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL NAGPUR
ON
BIODIVERSITY OF ODISHA

SUBMITTED BY –
ADITYA KUMAR DUBEY
12 TH STANDARD
YEAR -2021-2022
ROLL NO –
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
MRS VAISHALI BAND
PROFFESSOR BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
• ACKNOWLEDGNMENT
• 
•I would like to express the special thanks of gratitude to my biology teacher *miss Vaishali * for their able guidance and support in
completing my project
• 
• I would like to express my gratitude to principal mam *DEVENGANA PUNDE *
•For providing me all the facility that was required
• Their guidance and supervision was very helpful in bringing this work to conclusion
• 
• 
•Aditya kumar dubey
•Class 12 CBSE ( science )
•Biology
• CERTIFCATE

•  

• This is to certify that *ADITYA KUMAR DUBEY * a student of class 12 CBSE (SCIENCE) has
successfully completed the research on below project under the guidance of * Miss VAISHALI
BAND *BIOLOGY teacher during the year 2021-2022 in partial fulfilment of biology practical
examination conducted by CBSE NEW DELHI

• PRINCIPAL SIGNATURE

•  

•  

•   EXTERNAL EXAMINAR INTERNAL EXAMINAR

• Signature Signature
 O J EC T
T ED PR
T EG R A
AR T I N LO G Y
BI O

r s i ty of
B i o d iv e
Top i c : -
Odisha
• Odisha, a state in eastern India, is extremely diverse and gives the state
abundance of natural beauty and wildlife. The districts in the interior are
thickly covered by tropical moist deciduous and tropical dry deciduous
forests. The hills, plateaus and isolated areas of the northeastern part of
the state are covered by the tropical moist deciduous forests whereas the
dry deciduous forests are located in the southwest region of the state.
Some of the trees which grow in abundance in Odisha are bamboo, teak, 
rosewood, sale, phasal, sangha and halide. There are 479 species of birds,
86 species of mammals, 19 species of amphibians and 110 species of
reptiles present in Odisha.
BIODIVERSITY OF ODISHA

•Biodiversity or Biological Diversity is defined as the variability among living

organisms which includes floral, faunal and microbial diversity. Odisha's unique
location in Peninsular India has blessed it with an interesting assemblage of floral and
faunal diversity. Odisha state is situated on the east coast of the country, it covers an
area of 1,55,707 sq. km which is 4.74% of the geographical area of the country. The State
lies between 17°47'N to 22°34'N latitude and 81°22'E to 87°29'E longitude and shares
border with West Bengal, Jharkhand in the north, Chhattisgarh in the west, Andhra
Pradesh in the south and Bay of Bengal in the east. Physio graphically, the State can be
divided into four regions, viz, Northern Plateau, Eastern Ghats, Central Tableland, and
Coastal Plains. The annual rainfall ranges between 1,200 mm to 1,600 mm and the
annual temperature varies from 12°C to 42°C. The State is drained by many important
rivers, which include Subarnarekha, Brahmana, Baitarani, Mahanadi, Devi, and
Reticula
• . The State has 30 districts, among which 12 are tribal districts. Being situated in the
Eastern part of India covering three biogeographic provinces, the state of Odisha is
bestowed with various natural ecosystems like agrarian, forests, wetlands, and
grasslands. About 37% of the state’s geographical area is covered with forests and is
credited with five of the sixteen major forest types occurring in India.
• Primarily, major forests are Northern tropical semi-evergreen forest, tropical
moist deciduous forest or monsoon forest, Tropical dry deciduous forest, and
Tidal mangrove forest. The important aromatic plants include Kiya (Pandanus
fascicular is), Sal (Shore Robusta), Vetiver (Vetiver pivanilides), Wild
lemongrass, and Haptics waveless. Odisha is the second-largest Non-Timber
Forest Producing state in India and 37% of its population depend on Non-
Timber Forest Produces like leaves, tubers, seeds, fruits, mushrooms, and
medicinal plants for their day to day requirements and up to 40% of the
income of the rural people comes from the selling of forest products.
• To protect and conserve the fragile natural resources, the state government has
created 19 wildlife sanctuaries, one national park and one proposed national
park, one biosphere reserve, and two Tiger Reserves in the entire state. These
Protected Areas comprise 10.37% of the total forest area and 4.1% of the total
geographical area of Odisha. Natural barriers like the mangroves and their
associate, the sand dunes, the seaweeds and seagrasses, the screw pines, the
Casuarinas, and the cashew plantations together formed a coastal bio-shield and
protects the Odisha coast from natural calamities.
• According to a Forest Survey of India report released in 2012, Odisha has
48,903 km2 of forests which cover 31.41% of the state's total area. The forests are
classified into: dense forest (7,060 km2), medium dense forest (21,366 km2), open
forest (forest without closed canopy; 20,477 km2) and scrub forest (4,734 km2). The
state also has bamboo forests (10,518 km2) and mangroves (221 km2). The state is
losing its forests to timber smuggling, mining, industrialization and grazing. There
have been attempts at conservation and reforestation.[63]
• Due to the climate and good rainfall, Odisha's evergreen and moist forests are
suitable habitats for wild orchids. Around 130 species have been reported from the
state.[64] 97 of them are found in Mayurbhanj district alone. The Orchid House of 
Nandakumar Biological Park hosts some of these species.[65]
• Simlipal National Park is a protected wildlife area and tiger reserve spread over
2,750 km2 of the northern part of Mayurbhanj district. It has 1078 species of plants,
including 94 orchids. The sal tree is the primary tree species there. The park has 55
mammals, including barking deer, Bengal tiger, common langur, four-horned antelope, 
Indian bison, Indian elephant, Indian giant squirrel, Indian leopard, jungle cat, 
sambar deer, and wild boar. There are 304 species of birds in the park, such as the 
common hill myna, grey hornbill, Indian pied hornbill and Malabar pied hornbill. It
also has 60 species of reptiles, notable among which are the king cobra, banded krait,
and tricarinate hill turtle. There is also a mugger crocodile breeding program in nearby
Ramtirtha.[66] The Chandaka Elephant Sanctuary is a 190 km2 protected area near the
capital city, Bhubaneswar. However, urban expansion and over-grazing have reduced
the forests and are driving herds of elephants to migration. In 2002, there were about 80
elephants. But by 2012, their numbers had been reduced to 20. Many of the animals
have migrated toward the Barbara reserve forest, Chilika, Nayagarh district, and 
Athagad. Some elephants have died in conflicts with villagers, while some have died
during migration from being electrocuted by power lines or hit by trains. Outside the
protected area, they are killed by poachers.[67][68] Besides elephants, the sanctuary also
has Indian leopards, jungle cats and chitals.[69]
• The Bhitarkanika National Park in Kendrapara district covers 650 km2, of which 150 km2 are
mangroves. The Gahirmatha Beach in Bhitarkanika is the world's largest nesting site for 
olive ridley sea turtles.[70] Other major nesting grounds for the turtle in the state are 
Rushikulya, in Ganjam district,[71] and the mouth of the Devi river.[72] The Bhitarkanika
sanctuary is also noted for its large population of salt-water crocodiles.[73] In winter, the
sanctuary is also visited by migratory birds. Among the species of birds spotted in the
sanctuary are the black-crowned night heron, darter, grey heron, Indian cormorant, 
Oriental white ibis, purple heron, and sarus crane.[74] The possibly endangered 
horseshoe crab is also found in this region.[75]
• Chilika Lake is a brackish water lagoon on the east coast of Odisha with an area of 1,105 km2.
It is connected to the Bay of Bengal by a 35-km-long narrow channel and is a part of the
Mahanadi delta. In the dry season, the tides bring in salt water. In the rainy season, the rivers
falling into the lagoon decrease its salinity.[76] Birds from places like the Caspian Sea, 
Lake Baikal, other parts of Russia, Central Asia, South-East Asia, Ladakh and the Himalayas
 migrate to the lagoon in winter.[77] Among the birds spotted there are Eurasian wigeon, 
pintail, bar-headed goose, greylag goose, flamingo, mallard and Goliath heron.[78][79] The
lagoon also has a small population of the endangered Irrawaddy dolphins.[80] The state's
coastal region has also had sightings of finless porpoise, bottlenose dolphin, 
humpback dolphin and spinner dolphin in its waters.[81]
• Satapada is situated close to the northeast cape of Chilika Lake and Bay of Bengal. It is famous for
dolphin watching in their natural habitat. There is a tiny island en route for watching dolphins,
where tourists often take a short stop. Apart from that, this island is also home for tiny red crabs.

• According to a census conducted in 2016, there are around 2000 elephants in the state.  [82]
• Between 1998 and 2002, 40 fish species were recorded here for the first time and following
the reopening of the lake mouth in 2000, six threatened species have reappeared, including:
• Milk fish (Seba khainga),
• Indo-Pacific tarpon (Panialehio),
• Ten pounder (Nahama),
• Bream (Kala khuranti),
• Hilsa (Tenuealosa) ilisha (ilishi) and
• Mullet R. corsula (Kekenda)[4][5]
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 
1. COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICAL BIOLOGY
– XII
 
2. N.C.E.R.T BIOLOGY TEXT BOOK.
 
3. WIKIPEDIA, THE FREE ENCYCLOPAEDIA
 
4. COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICAL BIOLOGY
XII.
 
5. N.C.E.R.T BIOLOGY TEXT BOOK.
 
6. WIKIPEDIA, THE FREE ENCYCLOPAEDIA
THANK YOU!!!!!