Chapter 11

Sampling Procedures
Figure 1: 6-Step Procedure for Drawing a Sample
Step 1 Define the Target Population

Step 2 Identify the Sampling Frame

Step 3 Select a Sampling Procedure

Step 4 Determine the Sample Size

Step 5 Select the Sample Elements

Collect the Data from the

Step 6 Designated Elements
 Classification of Sampling Techniques

Sampling Designs

Probability Samples
•Simple Random
Nonprobability Samples •Statified
•Convenience •Proportionate
•Judgment •Disproportionate
•Quota •Cluster
•Systematic
•Area
 Figure 6: Distribution of Sample Means for Different Samples Sizes, Population
Shapes

Populations

n=2
Sampling
Distributions
of mean
n=5

n = 30
Relationship Between Parameters of Parent Population and Derived Population

Parent Population
Element Total
A 3
B 6
C 9
D 12
E 15
F 18

 Xi 3 + 6 + 9 + 12 + 15 + 18
Mean:  = = = 10.5
N 6
=

Variance: 2  (Xi-)2 (3-10.5)2 + ... +(18-10.5)2

= N =
6

= 157.5 = 26.25
6
Derived Population of All Possible Distinguishable Samples

Element Total Mean Xj

1 ABC 18 6
2 ABD 21 7
3 ABE 24 8
4 ABF 27 9
5 ACD 24 8
6 ACE 27 9
7 ACF 30 10
8 ADE 30 10
9 ADF 33 11
10 AEF 36 12
11 BCD 27 9
12 BCE 30 10
13 BCF 33 11
14 BDE 33 11
15 BDF 36 12
16 BEF 39 13
17 CDE 36 12
18 CDF 39 13
19 CEF 42 14
20 DEF 45 15
Derived Population

L
 xj
Mean: j =1 6 + 7 + ... + 15 105
E( x ) = x = = = 10.5
L 20 20

L
 ( xj - E(x))2
Variance: 2_ = j =1
x L

=(6 -10.5)2 + (7-10.5)2 + ... + (15-10.5)2

20

= 5.25
Distribution of Variables in Parent and Derived Population

Absolute
Frequency

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 Values of X
3

2
Absolute
Frequency
1

0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 Values of x
Example Calculations of Generating a Confidence Interval with a Stratified Sample

I II

n1 = 100 n2 = 100

 Xi1  Xi2
x1 = = 3.2 x2 = = 4.6
n1 n2

^s12 =  (Xi1 x1 )2 ^s22 =  (Xi2 x2 )2

= .14 = .12
n1 -1 n2 -1

III IV

n3 = 100 n4 = 100

 Xi3  Xi4
x3 = = 5.8 x4 = = 7.2
n3 n4

^s32 =  (Xi3 x3 )2 ^s42 =  (Xi4 x4 )2

= .20 = .18
n3 -1 n4 -1
Size and Strata in Parent Population

I. N1 = 5000
II. N2 = 25000
N = 50000
III. N3 = 15000
IV. N4 = 5000

L
Nh x h
xst =
L

 Whxh = 
h=1 N
h=1

= 1/10(3.2) + 5/10(4.6) + 3/10(5.8) + 1/10(7.2) = 5.08

( ) (s^h)2
2
L
Ws 2 L Nh
sx 2
st
=  h xh
= 
h=1 h=1 N nh

= (1/10)2 (.14) + (5/10)2 (.12) + (3/10)2 (.20) + (1/10)2 (.18) = .000512

100 100 100 100

sxst =.0226