Conceptual Framework of Community

Organization
By

Rhodelyn R. Ledesma
Pre-test
TRUE or FALSE
1. Community is a place where the need for change, effort
to make that change and resistance to change co-exists.
2. Empowerment is a method and a way of working on as
orderly and conscious basis to effect defined and desired
objectives and goals.
3. Murray G. Ross defines CO as a process by which
community identify its needs or objectives, finds the
resources (internal / external) to deal with these needs or
objectives, takes action and develops cooperative and
collaborative attitudes and practices in the community.
What is a Community?
 
COMMUNITY
 To the ordinary people, a community is a place where
one lives, works, and plays. Sometimes the term is
used to describe people and the pattern of relationship
ELEMENTS: among them when these are ordered by a social
interest, such as church, school or welfare
•Population community.
• Geographical
 Is a place where the need for change, the effort to
Area
•Social make that change and the resistance to change co-
interaction exist.
•Common ties/  An aggregation of families and individuals settled in
bond a fairly compact and contagious geographical area,
with significant element of common life as shown by
manners, customs, tradition and mode of speech.
 A geographical area where a group of people live a
common life linked together by factors such as
religious beliefs, sexual orientation, occupation or
ethnic origin and a shared sense of identity &
Unorganized community – implies absence of certain
facilities

Disorganized community – implies presence of

conflicts

Organized community – implies presence of certain

facilities and normal life
Major Social Functions of a Community
Economic – production, distribution &
consumption

Socialization

Social Control

Social Participation

Moral Support
Dynamics and Processes
Social Process are those ways of interacting which are
observable when individual and groups meet and
establish system of relationship or the results that arise
when changes disturb the already existing modes of
life.

competition conflict cooperation

COMMUNITY FORCES (AND THEIR INTER-RELATIONSHIPS)
THAT AFFECT HUMAN BEHAVIOR
Physical Environmental forces
Technology
Urbanization
Industrialization
Concomitant Social Problems
Socio-economic forces
Political Forces
Issues and Problems
1. Poverty -related to agricultural underproduction, economics, under
development, unemployment. Sometimes actual hunger or famine
2. Ill health -lack of sanitary environment, prevalence of disease, and
the lack of adequate medical care are major factors.
3. Lack of adequate education- facilities for education are usually
inadequate and often do not include all children. A large proportion of
adults are usually illiterate.
4. Apathy – and lack of incentive for bringing about change these
attitudes may be reinforced by cultural patterns and traditions, by
religious attitude of acceptance what exists as divinely appointed, and
by the drain o the human systems caused by malnutrition and chronic
disease.
What is Community Organizing?
As a method – a way of working on as orderly and
conscious basis to effect defined and desired objectives
and goals

Is the process of raising the individual’s awareness,

capacities, interest, desires, and willingness in
answering their needs, solving their problems and
working towards a common good through democratic,
cooperative and collective self-help through peaceful /
non-violent efforts towards self-reliance (ross/Freire)
Cont.

CO is a continuous and sustained process of

1. Educating people to understand their critical
consciousness of their existing conditions;
2. Organizing people to work collectively and efficiently
of their problems
3. Mobilizing people to develop their capability and
readiness to respond and take action on their immediate
needs towards solving their long-term problems
(OCE_CSWCD_UP)
CO – the mobilization of force around real or created
conflict in order to force communication and
movement. Controversy is used as a tool for
organizing strong citizen-based groups, which can
affect the decision-making process. Through such
means, citizens are helped to become articulate at the
point where decisions are made (Ronnow, 1965)
Co Principles & Practices
CO operates on several basic principles
1. Community organizing aims not just towards helping communities to solve their
day-to-day problems, but ultimately towards national social transformation

2. Community organizing recognizes and respects the primary role of the people i.e.
the most oppressed sectors who constitute the majority, in the task of social
transformation. This implies a respect for their ability to confront, understand and
deal with the roots of their problems, and to build their own vision of an alternative
society.
 
3. Community organizing recognizes that genuine transformation can be effected
only through the people’s collective strength.

4. Community organizing involves learning through praxis i.e. the continuing
refinement of theory and understanding through experiences.
GENERAL PRINCIPLES ON COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION
 
 1. Community Organization is a means and not an end.
 2. Communities, like individuals and groups are different
 3. Communities, like individuals have a right to self
determination
 4. Social needs are the basis for organization.
 5. Community welfare rather than agency self interest
should be kept the first consideration in
 determining program
 6. Coordination is a process of growth.
7. CO structure should be kept as simple as possible.
 8. Services should be distributed equitable.
 9. Diversity in program approach should be respected.
10. There should be broad representation in inter-
agency bodies.
11. There should be a balance between centralization
and decentralization.
12. Barriers to communication must be broken down.
13. Communities need professional help.
PRINCIPLES IN COMMUNITY
ORGANIZING
1. People’s participation- means the sharing of duties, powers and
benefits/privileges. It is the involvement of the poor and powerless in
their own development especially in all phases of decision-making. CO
recognizes and respects the one degree role of the people in the task of
social transformation and mass-based.

2. Self- determination-The need for change must come from within,
from people’s awareness of their own problems and their will to act on
them. People are makers of history and have the power t shape their
destiny. If only they are made aware of their options, the consequences
of each option and should be responsible for their choice/decision. This
implies the respect for their ability to confront, understand and deal
with the roots of their problems, and to build their own vision of an
alternative society.
3. Experimental learning-Community Organizing
involves learning through praxis, i.e. the continuing
refinement of theory and understanding through
practice. Action-reflection of people’s experiences I
collective decision-making and mobilization facilitates
the learning and development of knowledge, attitudes
and skills in problem solving.

4. Self –reliance – is the process that releases the

creative energy of people through the maximum and
optimum use f local human and material
resources/capabilities.
5. Organizational/ tactical Principles

Unlike the basic principles outlined above, are more specific and serve as
guidelines for tactical operations in organizing:

1. Start where the people are.Organizers may have to begin with the felt
needs which may be concrete, simple, short term and personal issues by
many people in the community.

2. Recognize self-interest as an initial motivating factor for the people’s

involvement, but to be effective, it must aim at multiplicity of goals to ensure
a b road base of support. Self-interest must later be transformed into acts
which liberate not only some people but also the whole oppressed class.

3. Use conflict or controversy in agitating for change. Organizers should

identify widely and urgently felt community problems and fan discontent to
stimulate people to action.
4. Move form simple short-term issues to more complex,
abstract, systematic and structural issues gradually building on
the people’s experiences and growing capabilities. Tackle all
problems especially the root causes.

5. Create historical models as symbols of possibility, of what

can be done and what people are capable of. This encourages
people to have both patience and sense of urgency.

6. In establishing people’s organizations, its structure should have:

-Maximum people’s participation

-maximum control by the people.
-simplicity
Goals of CO

1. People Empowerment

2. Building relatively permanent structures and people’s

organizations.

3. Improved quality of life.

Empowerment – a multi-dimensional social process that helps
gain control over their own lives

knowledg power acces

e s

Self- options
EMPOWERMENT
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growth optimisti
learning c
BELIEFS OF COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION
1. Every person has inherent worth and dignity.
2. Every person, regardless of appearance, beliefs, social status,
capabilities, etc. has an unesteemable value and is worthy of every
effort to assistance. “Higit sa lahat ay tao.”
3. Every person has limitless capacities and potentials.
4. Each individual is a rational being, capable of reason, of rational
analysis and choice. She or he
has the capacity to solve his problems and meet his needs. She/he
has the ability to change her or his situation.
5. A person is a social being. She or he needs others for his
maximum functioning and has a
social responsibility to help others to function maximally in society.
 
BASIC VALUES IN COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION

* human rights
* social justice
* social responsibility
* self-actualization/realization
THE PHILOSOPHY OF SOCIAL WORK

The philosophy of social work is derived from the

society of which it is a part. Social work is based on
the belief that man has worth and dignity.

This belief is generally associated with democratic

theory, which views man as having worth because he
is capable of reason, of rational analysis, and choice.
Problem solving Process
By: Murray G. Ross

Problem solving process – a process by which a

community a) identify its needs,
b) set objectives,
c) analyze and prioritize needs/objectives,
d) matching needs and resources (internal and
external), e) take action through cooperative and
collaborative attitudes and practices in the community
By: Arthur Dunham

Community Organization Process

1. Recognition of the problem

2. Analysis of the problem or Assessment

3. Planning or consideration of the action to be taken

4. Action – is the execution of the plans and initiation of the service or
project

5. Evaluation
In general, the problem solving process demands that a social
worker be successively involved in the following sequential steps.

recognition or definition of the problem, and engagement with the

client system
data-collection
assessment of the situation
goal-setting and the planning of an action
intervention or the carrying out of the action
evaluation
termination
Difference of Problem-solving process and
Social work helping process

Problem-solving process is essentially a cognitive

process, a rational procedure involving a series of steps
to be followed sequentially.

 Social work helping process – the context in

which we use the problem-solving process is not just a
cognitive process since it involves a relationship
between two parties, the worker and the client system,
guided with professional values and ethical principles.
THANK YOU!!!