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  • A Covid-19 Vaccine Will Need Equitable Global Distribution

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    Harshvardhan Maheshwari
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    The document discusses the need for equitable global distribution of a potential COVID-19 vaccine. It explains that vaccines create herd immunity which provides positive externalities like reducing healthcare costs and allowing economic activities to resume. However, vaccine distribution systems remain unequal between developed and developing countries due to issues like poor infrastructure, high costs, and limited health budgets in developing nations. Global alliances like Gavi and new technologies can help expedite equitable distribution by coordinating funding, supply chains, and using data and identification systems to predict needs. Overall, global cooperation is needed to ensure all countries can access an eventual COVID-19 vaccine.

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    Externalities

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    The document discusses the need for equitable global distribution of a potential COVID-19 vaccine. It explains that vaccines create herd immunity which provides positive externalities like reducing healthcare costs and allowing economic activities to resume. However, vaccine distribution systems remain unequal between developed and developing countries due to issues like poor infrastructure, high costs, and limited health budgets in developing nations. Global alliances like Gavi and new technologies can help expedite equitable distribution by coordinating funding, supply chains, and using data and identification systems to predict needs. Overall, global cooperation is needed to ensure all countries can access an eventual COVID-19 vaccine.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    5 views12 pages

    A Covid-19 Vaccine Will Need Equitable Global Distribution

    Uploaded by

    Harshvardhan Maheshwari
    The document discusses the need for equitable global distribution of a potential COVID-19 vaccine. It explains that vaccines create herd immunity which provides positive externalities like reducing healthcare costs and allowing economic activities to resume. However, vaccine distribution systems remain unequal between developed and developing countries due to issues like poor infrastructure, high costs, and limited health budgets in developing nations. Global alliances like Gavi and new technologies can help expedite equitable distribution by coordinating funding, supply chains, and using data and identification systems to predict needs. Overall, global cooperation is needed to ensure all countries can access an eventual COVID-19 vaccine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 12

    Externality: A Covid-19

    Vaccine will need equitable


    global distribution

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 1
    What is externality?
    • An externality occurs when an economic activity has either a spillover cost to or a
    spillover benefit for a bystander.

    Types of Externalities:

    i) Positive externality:
    • An economic activity that has a positive spillover effect
    for a bystander

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 2
    ii) Negative externality:
    • An economic activity that has a negative spillover effect for a bystander
    For eg:

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 3
     What is the role of
    vaccines in creating
    "Herd immunity" ?
     
    A Vaccine:
    • Protect the vaccinated person

    • Reduces transmission

    • Protect those not vaccinated by


    reducing the number of people who
    can transmit disease

    • Reduces spread known as herd


    immunity

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 4
    How can we relate herd immunity to the concept
    of positive externality?
    Herd immunity decreases the risk of contracting the virus

    Reduces the possible expenditure on health services

    Reduce burden on overall healthcare sector

    Early lifting of the Restrictions

    Resumption of Economic activities

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 5
     While the science of discovery and
    vaccine development has progressed
    greatly over the years, can the same be
    said about the distribution systems
    across developed and developing
    countries?
    • Distribution systems have not been progressed Fig. Global Percentage immunization
    greatly over the years among developed and
    developing countries

    • Higher-income countries have an upper hand

    • Distribution within countries on economic lines

    • Reach of newer vaccines in developing countries is


    relatively low

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 6
    Reasons for the unequable
    distribution in developing
    countries
    •Infrastructure facilities for vaccine distribution are
    poor (cold chain delivery)

    •Vaccine procurement is a costly process

    •Health worker shortage

    •Geographical distance from health centers

    •Limited health budgets of developing countries

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 7
     Explain the role of global alliance such as Gavi, role of new
    technologies such as biometric ID, artificial intelligence in
    expediting the distribution and ensuring equity at the same
    time

    Role of Global Alliances

    • Global health partnerships

    • Alliances brings together developing country and donor governments

    • Guarantee long- term, predictable funding

    • Coordinate the vaccine development & ensure fair global access


    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 8
    Fig. GAVI’s contribution since its inception

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 9
    Role of Technology & AI
    • Formal Identification of residents

    • Use of biometric systems

    • Establishing supply chains

    • Leveraging data to predict behaviour

    Fig. SIMPRINTS mobile biometric system

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 10
    Ensuring Equity
    • Help raise funds for low-income countries to deploy the vaccines

    • Aid in distribution process

    • Make the process more transparent

    • “Global coordination & agreement on allocation of resources is required”

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 11
    Thank You

    Wednesday, 02 September 2020 Externality: A Covid-19 Vaccine will need equitable global distribution 12

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