IRRIGATION SYSTEM

PLAN AND DESIGN

Water required by crops is supplied
by nature in the form of precipitation,
but when it becomes scarce or its
distribution does not coincide with
demand peaks, it is necessary to
supply it artificially, by irrigation.
 1. Surface Irrigation
Water applied to the field in either the
controlled or uncontrolled manner.
1.1 Furrow Irrigation
Only a part of
the land surface
(the furrow) is
wetted thus
minimizing the
evaporation loss.
• Furrow Irrigation by Cutting the Ridge
• Furrow Irrigation with Siphons
 1.2 Border Irrigation System
In a border irrigation, controlled surface flooding
is practiced whereby the field is divided into
strips by parallel ridges or dikes and each strip
is irrigated separately by introducing water
upstream and it progressively covers the entire
strip.
Border irrigation is suited to crops that can
withstand flooding for a short time e.g. wheat.
1.3 Basin Irrigation System
In basin irrigation, water is flooded in
wider areas. It is ideal for irrigating rice.
The area is normally flat. In basin
irrigation, a very high stream size is
introduced into the basin so that rapid
movement of water is obtained.
2. Sprinkler Irrigation
The sprinkler system is ideal in areas
where water is scarce. A Sprinkler
system conveys water through pipes
and applies it with a minimum amount
of losses. Water is applied in the form
of sprays sometimes simulating
natural rainfall.
3. Drip or Trickle Irrigation
Water is applied directly to the crop
ie. entire field is not wetted.
Water is conserved
Weeds are controlled because only
the places getting water can grow
weeds.
QUIZ
1. This irrigation is suited to crops that can
withstand flooding for a short time e.g. wheat.
2. Conveys water through pipes and
applies it with a minimum amount of
losses. Water is applied in the form of
sprays sometimes simulating natural
rainfall.
3. Water is applied directly to the crop
ie. entire field is not wetted.
4.
5.