DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN

GATES
 GATES
• Gates are the “Building Blocks” of all the Digital
circuits.
• Gates are called as;
i) “Gates” because they can control the flow of
signals or information
ii) ‘Binary Gates’ because they deal with Binary
numbers (0 & 1)
iii) ‘Logic Gates’ because their operation is very
logical
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 GATES
• Gates are ‘decision making elements’
(as they can be used to take decision of turning
ON or OFF a device etc)
• Gates are electronic circuits that combine digital
signals according to Boolean Algebra
• Gates are ‘Two-state’ or ‘Bi-state’ devices
(as they remain in one of the two “states”, like an
ON/OFF Switch which remains in ON or OFF
state at a time)
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 GATES
• Gates are not electronic components
where as diode, transistor, resistor, switch are
just components.
• Gates are electronic circuits
that can be constructed by using different
electronic components
• Gates are now a days easily available in the
form of Integrated Circuits (I.Cs)
• An I.C may contain a few or a large number of
Gates of similar or different types 4
 GATES
• Gates are of seven different types

• Each type has its unique function, symbol, expression

and Truth Table

• Symbol is used in circuits designs and schematics

• Expression and Truth Table are used to express the

function of a gate

• Function can also be described in words

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 GATES
• Every Gate has only One Output
• Except one gate all the other gates have minimum
two inputs
• The relationship between the input and the output is
based on a certain logic.
• As Gates are digital circuits so the input/s they
receive and the output they produce are either
Binary 0 or 1, ‘Low signal’ or ‘High signal’ , Logic 0 or
Logic 1 etc.

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 GATES
• Seven types of Gates are ;
i) NOT Gate
ii) OR Gate
iii) AND Gate
iv) NOR Gate
v) NAND Gate
vi) Exclusive OR Gate
vii) Exclusive NOR Gate

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 GATES
• First three types of Gates are called as
“Fundamental Gates”, next two are as “Universal
Gates” and last two as “Exclusive Gates”
• “Fundamental Gates” are called so because
they can be used to construct all the other gates
• “Universal Gates” are called so because any one
of them can be used to construct all the gates
• “Exclusive Gates” have their specific or exclusive
functions related to ‘logical equality’ or ‘‘logical
inequality’ 8
THE END