SEMINAR

ON
DETERIORATION OF CONCRETE IN
MARINE STRUCTURES
By
Sunil.H.G

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 ORDER OF PRESENTATION

1. INTRODUCTION.
2. CAUSES OF DETERIORATION.
3. INSPECTIONS AND REPAIRS.
4. TESTING AND EVALUATION
5. PROTECTIVE MEASURES.
6. CASE STUDY.
7. CONCLUSIONS.

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INTRODUCTION

The ocean constitute 71% of the earth.

Pressure of growing population.
Marine structures are subjected to
aggressive environment.
Durability is subject of major concern
specially in marine environment .

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 MARINE ENVIRONMENT

1. Marine atmosphere zone

2. Splash zone
3. Tidal zone
4. Submerged zone

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 MAIN CAUSES

Physical Processes.
Chemical Processes.
Biological Processes.

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 PHYSICAL PROCESSES

1. Cracking
2. Abrasion
3. Frost and Deicing salts

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PHYSICAL PROCESSES

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CHEMICAL PROCESSES

 Acid attack
 Sulphate attack
 Alkali attack

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CHLORIDE ATTACK

 In 1965 ramp in south

Australia was
reconstructed due to
severe chlorine attack
with large cracks,
which lead to
corrosion.

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BIOLOGICAL PROCESSES

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Excessive marine growth on
offshore structure

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 Environmental Factors

 Exposure Conditions
 Temperature and Humidity
 Water
 Aggressive Elements

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 OTHER CAUSES

 Design and Constructional Defects

 Poor Quality Materials
 Inadequate Supervision
 Corrosion of Reinforcement
 Technical factors

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Ex: Corrosion

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 INSPECTIONS AND REPAIRS

INSPECTIONS

Visual inspection
Cracking
Conditions of exposed metal components
Condition of foundation
Amount of marine growth

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 REPAIRS

1. Removal of deteriorated concrete

2. Sealing of cracks
3. Replacement of concrete
4. Surface treatment
 Vapour permeable coatings
 Vapour barrier coatings
5. Restoration of structures
 Realkalisation
 Desalination

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TESTING AND EVALUATION

 FIELD METHODS

 LAB METHODS

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 FIELD METHODS

 Schmidt hammer method

 Portable adhesion tester method
 Galvanised pulse method
 Half-cell potential measurement

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 Schmidt hammer method

Fig: Testing by Rebound Hammer

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Galvanised pulse method

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HALF-CELL POTENTIAL
MEASUREMENT

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Exposure test before construction

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 LAB TESTING

Fatigue test of steel pipe 23

COLLAPSE TESTING FOR
TUBULAR FRAME

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PLATE GIRDER FATIGUE TEST

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PROTECTIVE MEASURES

 Good concrete mix design

 Use of sacrificial steel
liners
 Care during placement of
concrete
 Reinforcement placing

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 OTHER MEASURES

• Cover concrete
• Planning and construction details
• Drainage of water
• Structural design
• Constructional aspects
• Accessibility and maintainability
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PILE DRIVING

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PREFABRICATION
UNIT

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 OTHER MEASURES

1. Concrete
2. Water cement ratio
3. Cement content
4. Curing
5. Steel
 Metallurgical methods
 Corrosion inhibitors
 Coating to reinforcement
 Cathodic protection
 Corrosion retardant
 Coating to concrete

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OPC AFTER 18 YEARS

 The structure was

safe because of the
use of caltite as
admixture.

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OPC AFTER 20 YEARS WITHOUT
CALTITE

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Epoxy coated bar

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EPOXY COATED STRUCTURE

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SACRIFICIAL ANODIC
PROTECTION

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CATHODIC PROTECTION FOR
SEVERE ENVIRONMENT

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APPLICATION OF GALVANIC
CATHODIC PROTECTION

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IMPRESSED CATHODIC
PROTECTION

Here ELGARD anode

mesh is attached to the inside of
the fibreglass jacket.
The serviceability of the
structure can be increased
upto 50 years.

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LAYING OF IMPRESSED CATHODE
SYSTEM

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CATHODIC PROTECTION OF
PILES IN FLORIDA

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 CASE STUDY

“CORROSION
MONITORING IN MARINE
ENVIRONMENT”

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YACHT MARINE IN ADRIATIC
COAST IN SPLIT CITY

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LOCATION
– Adriatic coast in Dalmatian area within the city of
Split.
MAJOR CAUSES
– Test dock was completely covered with shells.
– In some places concrete cover was destroyed due to
corrosion of concrete.
– Drilled concrete cores suffered severe chloride attack
due increase in the chloride content.
– Improper design and maintenance.

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DOCK TESTED IN NOVEMBER
2001 SHOWED CRITICAL
CONDITIONS

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VISUAL CRACKS IN CRITICAL
BEAM SECTION

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CORROSION EFFECT IN
COLUMNS

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CRITICAL BEAM STRUCTURES

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 REMEDIAL MEASURES

1. Use of prefabricated and pre stressed

concrete elements.
2. Use of Mitigation Corrosion
Inhibitors(MCI).
3. Replacement of defected concrete
elements by good quality concrete.

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NEW STRUCTURES BUILT IN
NOVEMBER 2002 IN SPRING

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 OBSERVATIONS

1. The monitoring was done to the new

structure regularly for every three months
and results were compared with the results
of the old structure.
2. The new structure was found to be more
durable due to these reasons,
• The use of MCI has lowered the rate of
corrosion .
• Prefabricated and pre stressed concrete
elements improved the strength of
concrete. 50
 CONCLUSIONS
 All the marine structures should be monitored
regularly.

 All the preventive measures right from the first

minute of initiation of constuction.

 As time and tides waits for nobody it is

pertinent to construct the marine structure
with atmost care.

 Durability criteria should be considered during

the design of marine structures to enhance
the serviceability of the structure.

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THANK YOU

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