Concept of Inclusion

Segregation, Integration and Inclusion

• There are three approaches for educating children
with disabilities:
• Segregation children with disabilities are educated
at special schools or at home
• Integrated education children with disabilities
attend special classes or units in mainstream
schools
• Inclusive education children with disabilities learn
effectively in the mainstream schools where the
whole system has been changed to meet all
children’s needs
Definition

• Inclusion in education/service refers to: an ongoing

process aimed at offering quality education/services for all
while respecting diversity and the different needs and
abilities, characteristics and learning expectations of the
students and communities and eliminating all forms of
discrimination

• Inclusion is seen as a process of addressing and responding

to the diversity of needs of all persons through increasing
participation in learning, employment, services, cultures
and communities, and reducing exclusion at all social
contexts.
 CHILD
REMAINS AS
NATURAL
SELF

MOST COST LEAST

EFFECTIVE RESTRIC
TIVE

INCLUSIVE
EDUCATION
RIGHTS
REALISED CHILD
AND
ACTUALISED CENTRED

TEACHER
EFFECTIVE IN EQUAL
OPPORTUNITIES
INCLUDING
FOR
ALL CHILDREN PARTICIPATION
IN LEARNING
PROCESS
 CHILDREN HAVE
DIVERSIFIED
NEEDS
UNIQUENESS OF
DIFFERENT THE CHILD
ASSESMENT AND REQUIRES
EVALUATION CONTINUOUS
SUPPORT AND
FEATURES ATTENTION
OF
INCLUSIVE
MIXTURE OF EDUCATION
VARIOUS MEANS
AND MEDIA ALONG DEMANDS
WITH STRATEGIES FLEXIBILITY IN
OF LEARNING
COMMUNICATIONS
NO FIXED
TEACHING STYLE
 Adequate Positive
Application (4) Orientation (1)

TEACHERS FOR
INCLUSION

Innovation (3)
Flexibility (2)
Benefits of inclusive schooling:
• Meaningful friendships
• Greater access to general curriculum
• Increased appreciation and acceptance of
individual differences
• Prepares all students for adult life in an
inclusive society
 Challenges of inclusive schooling:
• Lack of experience in an inclusion setting
• Lack of experience dealing with severe and profound
disabilities
• Dealing with death
• Including all students in all activities
• Educating students with less severe disabilities
• Shortage of teacher aides
• Teaching compassion to students
• Dealing with parents of ‘typically developing’ students
• Individualized lesson plans
• Coordinating therapies