TYPES OF CORROSION

For AMTG 123

By Aninipot & Dela Torre
 OXIDATION
 Also known as “dry” corrosion
 the process or result of oxidizing or being oxidized.
Cause of Oxidation
 chemical reaction of the metal surface with the oxygen
present in the air
ADDITIONAL KNOWLEDGE
 The best way to protect iron from dry corrosion is to keep
oxygen from coming into contact with its sur­face.
 UNIFORM SURFACE
 Sometimes called “General corrosion”
 is the uniform loss of metal over an entire surface.
 Where an area of unprotected metal is exposed to an atmosphere containing battery fumes,
exhaust gases, or industrial contaminants, a uniform attack over the entire surface occurs.

Cause of USR
 airborne chlorine/ sulfur compounds
 Oxygen
 Moisture in the atmosphere
To prevent
 Use thicker materials for corrosion allowance.
 Use paints or metallic coatings such as plating, galvanizing or anodizing.
 PITTING CORROSION
  is a form of extremely localized corrosion that leads to the creation of small holes in the
metal.

 forms clumps of powdery salts of corrosion on the surface of the metal as it is corroded.

 A metal's protective coating must be removed or penetrated before the destructive

chemical action leading to pitting can occur.

Cause of PC

 Environmental (chemistry) that may contain aggressive chemical species such as

chloride.

To prevent

 Proper selection of materials with known resistance to the service environment.

 GALVANIC CORROSION
 also known as “bimetallic corrosion”
 occurs when two dissimilar metals are immersed in a
conductive solution and are electrically connected.

To prevent
 Selecting materials with similar corrosion potentials.
 Breaking the electrical connection by insulating the two
metals from each other.
 CONCENTRATION CELL CORROSION
 Also called “crevice corrosion”

 occurs when two or more areas of a metal surface are in contact with
different concentrations of the same solution.

 forms in the closed areas between the faying surfaces.

3 general types of concentration cell corrosion.

 Oxygen concentration cells

 metal ion concentration cells

 active-passive cells

To prevent

 Sealing

 Maintaining surface clean

 OXYGEN
CONCENTRATION
CORROSION
 OCC is form when water covers the surface
of an aluminum air­craft skin and seeps into
the cracks between lap joints.
In addition
 When dirt or other oxygen-excluding
contamination forms on an anodized surface
and the oxide film is scratched, oxygen
concentration cell corrosion can prevent the
protective film from re-forming.
 METAL ION
CONCENTRATION
CELL CORROSION

 forms on the open surface.

 For example, some metal-to-metal joints rub
against each other creating a high
concentration of metal ions adjacent to a low
con­centration of metal ions.
 FILIFORM CORROSION

 also known as "under film Corrosion" or

"filamentary corrosion"
 a special form of oxygen con­centration cell corrosion.
 occurs under some thin coatings in the form of randomly
distributed threadlike filaments.
 can be found on painted aluminum components located in
marine environments.
 INTERGRANULAR CORROSION
 an attack along the grain boundaries of a material.
 In serious cases this can lead to the grains falling apart.
 This type of corrosion is a particular problem in stainless steel,
however it can also occur in other metals.
To prevent
 selecting the right material
 avoiding low-cost equipment where the material is likely to have
impurities and poor heat treatment, using low carbon or
stabilized grades if welding, or applying post weld heat
treatments correctly.
 EXFOLIATION CORROSION
 an extreme case of inter­granular corrosion.
 appears in rolled and extruded products of Al-alloys,
causing great losses of the surface material.
Cause of EC
 the segregation of impurities at the grain boundaries
To prevent
 selecting a more exfoliation resistant aluminum alloy.
 using heat treatment to control precipitate distribution.
 STRESS CORROSION
 occurs when a material exists in a relatively inert
environment but corrodes due to an applied stress.
 The stress may be externally applied or residual.
 This form of corrosion is particularly dangerous
because it may not occur under a particular set of
conditions until there is an applied stress.
To prevent
 Avoid the chemical species that causes SCC.
 Control of hardness and stress level (residual or
load).
 FRETTING CORROSION
 When two surfaces fit tightly together but can move relative to one another, corrosion
occurs.

 This damage is induced under load and in the presence of repeated relative surface motion,
as induced for example by vibration.

Cause of FC

 machine vibration

 the micro-motion that exists when the bearings in a stationary turbine rock back and forth.

To prevent

 lubrication with oils or greases, to reduce friction and exclude oxygen from the interface.

 Increase in the hardness of one or both materials in contact.

 Use of seals to absorb vibrations and exclude oxygen and/or moisture.

 CORROSIVE AGENTS

• ACIDS AND ALKALIS

• SALTS
• MERCURY
• WATER