ON 1:

Gmerical
RANDOM
of a statistical
BLES classify random variables

D
as “discrete” or

CHAPTER 1
“continuous”

tivity which canC

er similar B
SSON
ECTI
A Random Variables and
Probability Distribution
ES
all possible

ssible values of
ariable
 quiz
example
example
discrete
random variable

balls from
urn

Urn
Drawing
Balls from an
 Drawing Balls from an Urn

Two balls are drawn in succession without

replacement from an urn containing 5 red balls and 6
blue balls. Let Z be the random variable representing
the number of blue balls. Find the values of the
random variable
example
example

random variable Z. Complete the table below

discrete

balls from
quiz

Possible Outcomes Random Variable Z

(number of blue balls)
 Two types of Random
Variable

Discrete Random Variable

random variable
example
example
discrete

balls from
A random variable is a discrete random
quiz

variable if its set of possible outcomes is

countable. Mostly, discrete random
variables represent count data such as
the number of defective chairs produced
in a factory.
 Continuous Random Variable

variable
example
example

discrete

about
quiz

A random variable is a continuous

random variable if it takes on values on a
continuous scale. Often, continuous
random variables represent measured
data such as heights, weights, and
temperature
 Classify the following random variables as discrete or continuous.

a. The number of defective computers

produced by a manufacturer
discrete random variable

variable
example
example

about
b. Recording the points scored by a NBA
team in each game of the 2018 season
discrete random variable
c. Distance travelled by different cars using 1-
liter of gasoline
continuous random
variable
 d. The weight of newborns each year in a
hospital
continuous random
variable
e. The number of siblings in a family of a

variablr
example
example
region

discrete

about
quiz

discrete random variable

f. The amount of paint utilized in a

building project
continuous random
variable
 Quiz #01

A shipment of 5 computers contains two that are defective.

If a retailer receives three of these computers at random,
list the elements of the sample space S using the letters D
and N for defective and non-defective computers,

variable
respectively. To each sample point assign a value of z of the

example
example
discrete

about
random variable Z representing the number of computers

quiz
purchased by the retailer which are defective.
Possible outcomes Random Variable Z
 Quiz #01

Classify the following random variables as discrete or

continuous .

variable
example
example
discrete
1. The number of dropout in a school district for a period of 10 years.

about
quiz
2. The speed of a car.
3. The number of female athletes.
4. The time needed to finish the test
5. The people who are playing LOTTO each day
6. The average amount of electricity consumed per household per month
7. The number of times a student has been late during 1st term.
8. The length of time it takes before a dolphin surfaces in the ocean to breath.
9. Recording the times each student goes to the bathroom in each school day.
10. Medals that the Philippine team won in each of the past 20 Olympic games.
 quiz
example
example
discrete
random variable

objectives
Lesson 2:

Probability
Distribution
Constructing
 LESSON 2:
CV
CONSTRUCTING PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
Illustrate a probability distribution for a
1 discrete random variable and its
probability properties
example
example
formula

objectives
quiz

LESSON 2 compute probabilities corresponding to

a given random variable
OBJECTI
VES
construct the probability mass function
3 of a discrete random variable and its
corresponding histogram
 PROBABILITY (P)

probability
objectives
example
example
formula

Is a measure quantifying
quiz

the likelihood that events

will occur.
 FORMULA of calculating the
PROBABILITY of an event P(X)

probability
objective
example
example

formula
quiz

P(X) =
 Event (E) Probability P(E)
1. Getting an even number in a single roll of a die.
2. Getting a sum of 6 when two dice are rolled.
3. Getting an ace when a card is drawn from a deck
4. The probability that all children are boys if a couple has

variable
three children
example
example

about
5. Getting an odd number and a tail when a die is rolled
and a coin is tossed simultaneously.
6. Getting a sum of 11when two dice are rolled
7. Getting a black card and a 10 when a card is drawn
from a deck
8. Getting a red queen when a card is drawn from a deck
9. Getting doubles when two dice are rolled
10. Getting a red ball from a box containing 3 red and 6
black balls
 quiz
Deck of Cards

example
example
discrete
variablr
about
 Definition

Discrete Probability Distribution or

Probability Mass Function

random variable
example
example
histogra

balls from
consists of the values a
quiz

random variable can assume

and the corresponding
probabilities of the values
 Definition

Histogram

variable
property
example

histogra

about
quiz

A histogram is an accurate

m
representation of the distribution of
numerical data. It is an estimate of the
probability distribution of a continuous
variable.
 Number of Tails

Suppose three coins are tossed. Let Y be the

variablr
example
example
random variable representing the number of

discrete

about
quiz

tails that occur. Find the probability of each of

the values of the random variable Y. Construct
its probability mass function and histogram
Number of Blue Balls

Two balls are drawn in succession without

variable
replacement from an urn containing 5 red balls

example
example
discrete

about
and 6 blue balls. Let Z be the random variable

quiz
representing the number of blue balls. Construct
its probability mass function and histogram
 Properties of a Probability Distribution

PROPERTY 1

random variable
histogram
property
example

balls from
The probability of each value
quiz

of the random variable must

be between or equal to 0 and 1.
In symbol, we write it as
0
 Properties of a Probability Distribution

PROPERTY 2

variable
property
example

histogra

about
quiz

The sum of the probabilities of all

m
values of the random variable must
be equal to 1. In symbol, we write it
as
 Quiz #02

Four coins are tossed. Let Z be the random

variable
example
example

variable representing the number of heads

about
that occur. Find the values of the random
variable Z. Construct the probability
distribution for the random variables. Draw
also its histogram.
 quiz
Quiz #02

example
example
discrete
variablr
about
 quiz
Quiz #02

example
example
discrete
variablr
about
 Lesson 3 and 4:
Computing the
random variable

objectives
Mean and Variance
example
example
discrete

of a Discrete
quiz

Probability
Distribution
 LESSON
CV
3 and 4:
Computing the Mean and Variance of a
Discrete Probability Distribution
Illustrate and calculate the mean and
1
probability variance of a discrete random variable
example
example
formula

objectives
quiz

LESSON 2 Interpret the mean and variance of a

discrete random variable; and
OBJECTI
VES
3 Solve problems involving mean and
variance of probability distribution.
 MEAN ()

probability
objectives
example
example
formula

The mean of a probability

quiz

distribution is the long-run

arithmetic average value of a
random variable having that
distribution.
 FORMULA of calculating the
MEAN ()

probability
objective
example
example

formula
quiz

=
where
X = values of the random variable
P(x) = corresponding probabilities
 VARIANCE ()

probability
objectives
example
example
formula

Is the expectation of the squared

quiz

deviation of a random variable

from its mean. “It measures how
far a set of random numbers are
spread out from their average
value.”
 FORMULA of calculating the
VARIANCE (

probability
objective
example
example

formula
quiz

=
where
X = values of the random variable
P(x) = corresponding probabilities
 Example #01

Number of Spots

variable
example
example

about
Consider rolling a die. Construct the
mean and variance of a discrete
probability distribution.
 Number of Spots
(X)
Probability
P(X)
X 𝑿𝟐 ∙ 𝑷 ( 𝑿 )
1 1/6 (1)() = () =

1/6 (2)() = () =
2

(3)() = () =

variable
example
example

discrete
3 1/6

about
quiz

4 1/6 (4)() = () =

1/6 (5)() = () =
5

(6)() = () =
6 1/6

or 3.5 or 15.167

15.167-

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝑫𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 ( 𝝈 )= √ 𝝈 =√ 𝟐.𝟗𝟏𝟕=𝟏.𝟕𝟎𝟖

𝟐
 Example #02
Number of Cars Sold

The number of cars sold per day at a local car dealership, along with its
corresponding probabilities, is shown in the succeeding table. Compute the
mean, variance and standard deviation of the probability distribution.

variablr
example
example
discrete
Number of Cars Sold P(X) X

about
quiz

(X)
0

4
 Quiz #03

Complete the table below and find the mean, variance and
standard deviation of the following probability distributions.

variable
X P(X) X X P(X) X
example
example

about
1 1/7
3 0.15
6 2/7
6 0.35
11 1/7
8 0.40
16 2/7
10 0.10
21 1/7