Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2. RESOURCES
3. DISPOSITIONS
A. Effects Of Dispositions : attitude of
implementors – desire to carry out policies, exercise
considerable discretions, because their
independence from their nominal superiors who
formulate the policies per se and how they see the
policies affecting their organizational and personal
interests.
B. Staffing Of Bureaucracy : demands for
“balance” the nesessity of pleasing constituencies
and a desire not to alienate persons already
occupying public office; most bureucrats are
covered by civil service protection, are immune
from removal; transferring personne; to other
positions within the civil service.
C. Incentives : rewards, “sweeteners” in the form
of funds or lax regulations and tax breaks; negative
sanctions.
4. BUREAUCRATIC STRUCTURE
Voluntary
Instruments
• Information and Exhortation
• Subsidies
• Auction of Property Rights
Mixed
• Tax and User Charges
Instruments
• Regulation
• Public Enterprises
ts
• Direct Provision
Compulsor
yInstrumen
A Spectrum Of Policy Instruments
High