PARAGRAPH

• Is a piece of writing that focuses on one

topic or idea.
• The sentences in the paragraph explain
and develop the main topic.
• It contains (3) three basic parts:
• topic sentence, supporting details, and
concluding statement.
 Topic Sentence
• refers to the main point of the writer. Also
called the main idea.
• It should be clear and specific.
• Vague or general words should be
avoided.
1. That was a good movie.
2. I felt bad when I woke up.
3. They say that both of the party
candidates will lose if they do not stop
inlting one another.
4. She is really smart.
1.at this point 1.now

2.due to the fact that 2.because

3. in spite of the fact 3. even though

that
4. with regard to 4. regarding, about
Two parts of Topic Sentence
• Topic
• Controlling idea.
• Identify the topic and the controlling idea.

Common holiday practices have negative

impacts on the environment.
Topic: impact of common holiday practices
on the environment.
Study the following sentences below. Write the
topic in the first column and the controlling ideas
in the second column.
Topic Controlling idea
1. Recycling paper lessen
can lessen Recycling
deforestation deforestation
paper
2. People spend People during spend
unreasonably during the holiday unreasonably
the holiday season. season
 SUPPORTING DETAILS

Refer to the sentences that develop the main idea of

the paragraph.

The supporting details make up the most part of the

paragraph.
 Conclusion
• The purpose is to summarize the ideas, provide
comments or suggestions, and give the paragraph
proper closure.
• The writer reiterates the topic sentence by
rephrasing it or rewording some of its parts.
 Conclusion

• Indeed, common holiday practices can lead to

negative environmental impacts. It is
important to become aware of these
consequences to enjoy the holidays without
compromising the environment.
Complete the topic sentence by adding controlling idea to
the given topic.

1. using gift wrappers

2. electric Christmas lights and lanterns
3. travelling during holidays
4. Christmas decorations made of recycled materials
5. eco-friendly celebration
PROPERTIES OF
WELL-WRITTEN
TEXT
ACCEPT-EXCEPT ANY ONE-ANYONE

ADOPT-ADAPT COMPLEMENT-COMPLIMENT

ADVICE-ADVISE COUNSEL- COUNCIL

3. COHERENCE
- a paragraph should comprise ideas or
details that are logically arranged.

- The presentation of ideas should be

clear order and makes sense to the
readers.
 Compare the two paragraphs
• For me, the worst thing about waiting
tables is the uniform. All the
waitresses had to wear brown stripped
jumper. The shirts were polyester.
Sometimes someone you know comes
in. Now I have a job in the office.
For me, the worst thing about waiting tables
was the uniform. At the last place I worked,
all the waitresses had to wear an ugly brown
stripped jumper. Underneath it we had to
wear an even uglier polyester shirt.
Sometimes someone I knew would come in
and I'd feel embarrased by my outfit. Now I
have a job in an office, where I can wear my
own clothes.
4. COHESION
- Refers to the smooth flow of ideas in
the paragraph.
- it is achieved when the writer can
smoothly transition one sentence to
another.
COHESION and COHERENCE