Organizational

Behaviour
By- Sneha Shekhar
Shefali Pawar
Shubham Kumar
Tasneem Safdar Hussain
 GROUP VS. INDIVIDUAL
DECISION MAKING

• Aspects of Group and individual decision making

• Which is more effective?
• How can group decision making be made more
effective?
 Aspects of Group Decision making

 Risk Shifting Phenomenon : Risk is shifted from one individual to a group

of people. Someone who is a risk- taker puts their point of view and shares
all the different aspect of taking said rick which influences others to
consider and potentially chose that decision.

Group Think : It is more of a group effort than having all the responsibility
on one individual. Different points of view are put forward which helps in
making an unbiased and well though-out decision.

Group decision-making, ideally, takes advantage of the diverse strengths

and expertise of its members. By tapping the unique qualities of group
members, it is possible that the group can generate a greater number of
alternatives that are of higher quality than the individual. If a greater
number of higher quality alternatives are generated, then it is likely that the
group will eventually reach a superior problem solution than the individual.
 Aspects of Individual Decision
Making
 An individual generally makes prompt decisions. While a group is
dominated by various people, making decision-making very time
consuming. Moreover assembling group members consumes lot of time.

 Individuals do not escape responsibilities. They are accountable for their

acts and performance. While in a group it is not easy to hold any one
person accountable for a wrong decision.

 Individual decision making saves time, money and energy as individuals

make prompt and logical decisions generally. While group decision
making involves lot of time, money and energy.

 Individual decisions are more focused and rational as compared to

group.
WHICH IS MORE EFFECTIVE?
INDIVIDUAL VS GROUP?

GROUP DECISION
• HOW?
• According to the idea of synergy, decisions made collectively tend to be more
effective than decisions made by a single individual.
• Example, Copper and Kagel
 Advantages:

• Large number of people

• Better results
• Better implementation
• Generating greater number of alternatives.

Conclusion
 Decision Making

Group Individual

Prompt Individual
Thorough Unbiased
Decisions Expertise
discussion opinion
Saves Money,
Focused and
Shared Higher job Time and Rational
Responsibility Satisfaction energy
 How can group decision making be
improved?
• Brainstorming

Brainstorming is a technique that aims to eliminate self-censorship and encourage a free-wheeling

generation of ideas, even wild ones. Participants call out their ideas as they think of them, and their
ideas are listed on a chalkboard or flipchart that everyone can see. The ideas belong to the group, not to
the individual. Evaluation of the ideas occurs only after all of the ideas have been recorded.
• Delphi Technique
• The Delphi technique encourages honesty by allowing participants to give their
opinions anonymously . In most applications of this technique, participants are asked to respond to
two or more questionnaires. The first questionnaire states the problem, and the participants are asked
to provide potential solutions.

The Delphi technique eliminates the problems of groupthink and polarization. Because of its time-
consuming nature, it is obviously inappropriate for those situations in which a decision has to be made
quickly. Finally, because participants are not able to interact and discuss ideas, creativity may be
diminished.
• Nominal Grouping Technique

Related to the Delphi technique is the nominal grouping technique . Several people sit around a
conference table and independently list their ideas on a sheet of paper. After 10 to 20 minutes, they take
turns expressing their ideas to the group. As these ideas are presented, they are recorded on larger sheets
of paper so that everyone can see all the ideas and refer to them in later parts of the session. The nominal
grouping technique is commonly used more for identifying organizational problems and potential
solutions.

Focus Group

A focus group is a group of six to eight people who are brought together to discuss a particular issue,
topic, or problem. Participants' feelings and reactions are elicited through methodical questioning. The
proceedings are often recorded for later analysis.
 “When someone makes a
decision he is really diving into a strong
current that will carry him to
places he had never dreamed of
when he first made the decision”
- Paulo Coelho “The Alchemist”
Thank you!