Advanced Mathematics

Feng Yan

03/20/2022 NUIST 1
 Chapter 2 Plane Analytic
Geometry
1. Plane vector and its operation

2. Straight line

3. Quadratic curve

03/20/2022 NUIST 2
 Part 1 Plane vector and its
operation
• Linear operation of plane vector

• Orthogonal decomposition of the vectors on a

plane

• Coordinate expression of vector collinear

03/20/2022 NUIST 3
 Part 1 Plane vector and its
operation
• Inner product of vector

• Definite proportional division points of line

segment

03/20/2022 NUIST 4
 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
Suppose P1 , P2 are two points that lie in straight
line l , P is an other point, if exist a real number

 
 that meet PP 1   PP2
, then  calls the ratio of


PP
1 2
divided by P .

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 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
1. Coordinate formula of DPDP
If there are P1 ( x1 , y1 ), P2 ( x2 , y2 ) ,  is a real number,

 
and PP1   PP2
, then the coordinate of P is:

x1   x2 y1   y2
( , ),(  1)
1  1 

03/20/2022 NUIST 6
 1.5 Definite proportional division
Prove.
points of line segment
Suppose 3 points P1 ( x1 , y1 ), P2 ( x2 , y2 ), P( x, y ) ,
 
1   PP2
PP , according to the calculation of
vector’s

coordinate,

we have
 
PP  ( x  x1 , y  y1 ), PP2  ( x2  x, y2  y )
1 
PP 1   PP2

 ( x  x1 , y  y1 )   ( x2  x, y2  y )
  x1   x2
 x  x1   ( x2  x) x
 1 
 
( y  y1 )   ( y2  y )  y  y1   y2
  1 
03/20/2022 NUIST 7
 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment

To be noted. The ratio of P2P1 divided by P is
different with the ration of PP 1 2 divided by P .
The location of P is something with the range of 
 

In particular, when   1, PP
1  PP 2
, which mean P
is the midpoint of PP
1 2
, the coordinate of P is
x1  x2 y1  y2
( , )
2 2
This is coordinate formula of midpoint.
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 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
1. If   0 , point P is the internal division point of
PP
1 2 .

2. If   0 , point P is the external division point

of PP1 2
.

03/20/2022 NUIST 9
 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
Example.
P1 (3, 2), P2 (8,3), if P lies in PP
1 2 ,| PP
1 | 2 | PP2 |
, try to
determine the coordinate of P .
Solution.
When P is the internal division point,   2 ,
3  2 8 2  2 3
so we have ( , );
2 2
When P is the external division point,  2 ,
so we have ( 3  2  8 2  2  3
, ).
03/20/2022
1 1 NUIST 10
 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
Example.  1 


A(0,8), B(4,0), C (5, 3), AD  DB, E lies in BC and
3
make the area of BDE is the half of ABC, try
to determine the coordinate of midpoint of DE .

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 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
Solution. 

 1 | DB | 3
AD  DB   
3 | AB | 4
S BDE 1 1 
 ,and S BDE  | DB |  | BE |  sin DBE
SABC 2 2
1 
S ABC  | AB |  | BC |  sin ABC ,sin DBE  sin ABC
 2 
| DB|  | BE | 1 | BE | 2

   
| AB |  | BC | 2 | BC | 3
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 1.5 Definite proportional division
points| BE of
|
line segment
Due to E lies in BC ,so  2
| EC |
 1
 0  4
4  2  5 x  3  1,
  D
 Ex   2, 1
1 2  1
  E (2, 2);  3  D(1,6)
 y  0  2  3  2.  8
 E
1 2  yD   6.
 1
1
 3
So the coordinate of midpoint M is
 2  (1) 1
 xM  2  2 , 1
  M ( , 2)
 y  2  6  2. 2
 M
03/20/2022
2
NUIST 13
 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
Exercise. 

1. It is known that the ratio of BC divided byA is
2, the (D ) is wrong.

 1
A. The ration of AB by C is  ;

 3
BA
B. The ration of  by C is 3;2
C. The ration of AC  by B is  ;
 3
D. The ration of CB byA is 2;

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 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment

7 
2. P1 (1, 6), P2 (3,0), P( , y ) divided PP
1 2
and the
3
ratio is  , then  , y are ( C )

1 1 1 1
( A)  ,8;( B) , 8;(C )  , 8;( D)4,
4 4 4 8

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 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
3. A( x, 2), B(5,1), C (4, 2 x) lie in the same line, then
is 2xor 7/2
Solution:      
 AB  OB  OA  (5  x, 1)
  
BC  OC  OB  (9, 2 x  1)
 x1  2

 (5  x)(2 x  1)  9   7
 x2  2
03/20/2022 NUIST 16
 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
4. It is known that M is a point of AB of  ABC ,
1 

SAMC  S ABC , the ratio of AB that divided by
8
M is 1/7
Solution ：
 
1   1  
1 1  
SAMC  | AM || AC | sin A  S ABC   | AB || AC | sin A
2  8 8 2
 1 |AM | 1
| AM | | AB | 
8 | MB | 7
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 1.5 Definite proportional division
points of line segment
5. A(2, 3), B(4,1), now extend AB into P and make
 
| ,try to determine P .
| AP | 3 | PB 
Solution: | PB |  1
| AP | 3 B(4,1)
P

   3
A(-2,-3)
 2  3  4
 1  3  7
  P(7,3)
 3  3 1  3
03/20/2022  1  3 NUIST 18