NATIONALIST MOVEMENT IN EUROPE
GÜLER
THE MEANING OF NATIONALISM
Nationalism is an ideology movement of beliefs aimed at
gaining a nation's interests, particularly its sovereignty
and self-government, and then maintaining them
indefinitely. For nationalists, the priority value is the
spiritual and cultural unity of the people. Even a
nationalist sees his own country as a country superior to
other countries, and may think that the people of this
country are the most superior race in the world.
Nationalism is to love their own homeland, to protect
national values, to protect its culture, to be fully
independent, to oppose everything that is not native.
BIRTH OF NATIONALISM IN EUROPE
The first clear expression of nationalism came with the
French Revolution.The political and constitutional
changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution
led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a
body of French citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it
was the people who would henceforth constitute the
nation and shape its destiny. From the very beginning, the
French revolutionaries introduced various measures and
practices that could create a sense of collective identity
amongst the French people. The ideas of the fatherland
and the citizen emphasised the notion of a united
community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.
The French Revolution constitutes the first core of the
concept of 'nationalism'. In the following years, this
ideological concept spread to Central Europe and South
America at the beginning of the 19th century and
expanded to Asian countries at the beginning of the 20th
century. II. After the World War II, after the countries that
declared independence one by one, it also showed its
effectiveness in Asia and Africa.
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ŞEVVAL İREM
(ENGLAND AND GERMANY)
RISING OF NATIONALISM IN GERMANY
German nationalism began as a result of the Reformation.
Especially during the Napoleonic Wars, Pancermenism was
introduced, and with it, the nationalist movement was
supported and grown. Pan-Germanism was also an
intellectual and political movement that sought to gather
the Germanic nations under a single administrative roof.
In other words, it is the same as nationalism in terms of its
aims. German nationalism caused the establishment of the
German Union, and the motivation of this union to have a
more privileged place in the system by finding support with
the establishment of the Italian Union led to the First
World War and beyond that to Hitler's fascism and the
shaping of the modern world like the Second World War. It
has directly caused all other events and phenomena that
will cause it to occur. When considered in such a historical
causality and thought deeply, the first spark of the events
seems to be in the French Revolution, because the French
Revolution had a great influence on the formation of
German nationalism. Germany wanted to put pressure on
other countries and dominate them, so it turned to fascism.
FASCISM IN GERMANY
National socialism, the other name of Fascism in
Germany, is a popular movement based on the idea of
community unity based on a common power union.
National socialism, which has this philosophy, determines
the unity of people forming a single society in the
political spirit of national solidarity that will bring the
people into a whole. While conveying the ideologies of
Barrès, who was the intellectual leader of the doctrine, he
spoke of the need for German workers to fight classically
not with the employer class at home, but directly with
foreign powers outside the country.
BRITISH NATIONALISM
Despite all their sophistication,civilization and
culture,the British have a nationalism that knocks
the doors of racism.
British nationalism has been a nationalism that has
accomplished assimilation most succesfully in its
history and has been able to impose its culture and
values to the world in the best way.  among the Germans and Magyars, who actually benefited
England has established a serious
hegemony in the world starting from its
own islands.They first gathered all other
nations and tribes under their own
rule,and then made them to forget their
language,as the Turks did in
Anatolia.That’s why today Scots,Irish
people only speak English,rather than
their own.Today’s England is still a racist
place,despite the efforts of the last 50
years.For example,although blacks in the
UK are around five percent of the
population,the proportion of blacks in
prisons is many times higher than this
figure.
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NATIONALISMS GROWTH
The invention of a symbolic national identity became the
concern of racial, ethnic or linguistic groups throughout
Europe as they struggled to come to terms with the rise
of mass politics, the decline of the traditional social elites,
popular discrimination.Within the monarchy the different
peoples developed a more mass-based, radical and
exclusive form of nationalism. This developed even
from the power-structure of the empire. On the European
periphery, especially in Ireland and Norway, campaigns
for national independence became more strident. 
AS A RESULT,
Nationalism,which has become the dominant
political thought style in Europe since the early
19th century and all over the world since the 20th
century,has caused German Fascism.Nationalism is
a many-sided and potent political ideology, though
we can pinpoint some general characteristics shared
by all nationalist movements.
REFERENCES
https://www.divaportal.org/smash/get/diva2:1161116/FULLTEXT01.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rise_of_nationalism_in_Europe#Nationalism's_growth_and_export
https://ncert.nic.in/ncerts/l/jess301.pdf
https://www.britannica.com/topic/nationalism
https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milliyet%C3%A7ilik#Tarih%C3%A7e