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AMERICAN JAZZ ROOTS: GUMBO – Short Essay

a. Roots: Describe what is being referred to in American Music before the 1900’s by

the title “Gumbo.”  

According to the documentary by Ken Burns entitled “History of Jazz” the first Episode

brings us to the term Gumbo.  In American music before the 1900’s, the music in New Orleans

was very popular at the times that lead to the roots of the time to be termed as Gumbo.

b. Civil War & Reconstruction: What did the State of Louisiana do in 1861 (18:30)

the beginning of the Civil War? 

People of Louisiana pronounced that it had withdrawn from the Union on January 26,

1861. New Orleans, the biggest city in the South, was deliberately significant as a port city

because of its southernmost area on the Mississippi River and its admittance to the Gulf of

Mexico.

What was the period of “Union Occupation” following the Civil War called?

What happened in 1877 (20:24) that ended this period?  

The era of Union Occupation that came after the Civil War was known as the

Reconstruction era that took place between 1865 and 1877. At that time U. S. fought with the

experiences of re-integrating into the states’ union that had separated and defining the

permissible position of African Americans. In August 1862, the U.S. government started

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establishing stash camps in pieces of Tennessee, Mississippi, and Arkansas to furnish criminal

slaves with food and asylum. Association powers used these camps to enlist a great many

physically fit African Americans to work in the conflict exertion.

c. Jim Crow: What is one of the steps the Louisiana Legislature took in 1890 to

enforce the “Jim Crow” order? (31:50) who was Homer Adolph Plessey and what

did he do as a protest?  

Louisiana State passed the Separate Car Act (Act 111) law Administration in 1890 which

was called for "equivalent, but distinct" train car adjustments for Blacks and Whites; this upheld

the constitutionality of state laws demanding for racial segregation.

Homer Plessy was a citizen who demonstrated for mutual revolution that inspired people

in the upcoming of the Civil Rights Association. He verified Louisiana separation representation

by refusing to transfer from whites in specific rail car in 1896.

What ruling did the US Supreme Court make on this case in 1896?  

The choice of Brown v. leading group of Education of Topeka on May 17, 1954 is maybe

the most prominent of all Supreme Court cases, as it started the series that brought about

finishing of separation. It upset the equally extensive excellent of Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896.

d. Age of Segregation: How did the ruling of Plessey vs. Ferguson change American

life and impact the working lives of musicians for the next 60 years?  

Ferguson decision preserved the advice of ethnic separation above the sequence of the

succeeding 50 years. The choice provided legal occupation to separation on trains and vehicles,

and in open workplaces like houses, playhouses, and schools. The outcome of Plessy was to

entrust African Americans to mediocre residency.

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e. Civil Rights Era: Name and describe some of the legal and social changes

brought about during the age of Dr. Martin Luther King and Mahalia Jackson?

How do you think these changes have impacted the working lives of musicians and

music in America? 

Martin Luther King fought for equality among all the people in the social background

that brought in great advancement in peaceful society. From that view, Martin Luther King's

vision brought great remembrance and society full of joy, hence changing lives of many African

Americans.

It is clear that, Martin Ruther King did not only play part bringing social changes but also

he brought about legal changes. Martin Ruther King’s action assisted in passing the Civil Rights

Act of 1964. The civil rights act played a big role in ensuring that all people were treated with

equity and without racism in all social places. It is on the very that the law finished the legitimate

partition of individuals by race in broad daylight places. The demonstration additionally

prohibited occupation separation based on race, color, religion or public beginning.

Martin Ruther's social equality crusade assumed a significant part in finishing racial

isolation and the forswearing of casting a ballot rights to African Americans in the southern

states. It likewise made a social change in perspectives on race issues in a lot, yet not all, of the

US. The focal point of the dark social liberties development was legitimate fairness.