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Data Analysis Using Excel Exam


Problem
1. Identify two continuous variables in the dataset. Calculate and
report the appropriate statistics for all of these variables, as
specified in the lecture. Report the statistics following the
example below.
2. Identify two nominal variables in the output. Calculate and
report the appropriate statistics for these variables, as specified
in the lecture. Report the statistics following the example below.
3. Identify two ordinal variables in the output. Report the
appropriate statistics for these variables, as specified in the
lecture. Report the statistics following the example below
4. Do any of the variables show data entry errors? If so, which
one(s)? How do you know there is a data entry error?
5. Based on you interpretation of the data, do respondents think
social workers are beneficial? Support your answer with the
data. Should this be interpreted with caution? Why or why not?
6. Based on your interpretation of the data, how useful were the
resources provided to people who have received services?
Support your answer with the data. Should this data be
interpreted with caution? Why or why not?
7. Describe the distributions of the continuous variables. Are they
normal? Are any of them skewed positively or negatively? If
they are skewed, how do you know they are skewed?
 
Solution
1.  
Two continuous variables are:
- Q2: How long have you practiced as a social worker?
- Q16: What is your age in years?
 
Social worker’s experience ranged from 1 to 27 years (M=7.5
years, s.d.=6.86) and the age of respondents in the sample ranged
from 14 to 74 years (M=36.31, s.d.=13.57)
 
2. 
Two nominal variables are:
- Q1: Are you a social worker?
- Q9: I have considered a career in the social work profession.
 
Results indicated that 88% (n=304) of the respondents were social
workers and 91% (n=314) of the respondents in the sample have
considered a career in the social work profession.
 
3. 
Two ordinal variables are:
- Q4b: How useful were the resources provided by the social
worker?
- Q5: How would you rate your overall experiences with a
social worker?
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Results indicated that 46% (n=63) of the respondents were very
useful were the resources provided by the social worker, 34%
(n=46) were useful, 7% (n=10) were somewhat useful and 13%
(n=18) were not useful.
 
Results indicated that 3% (n=4) of the respondents rated “very
bad” as the overall experiences with a social worker, 4% (n=5)
rated “bad”, 17% (n=22) rated “average”, 45% (n=58) rated
“good” and 32% (n=41) rated “very good” as the overall
experiences with a social worker.
 
4. 
For Q3: “How frequently do you interact with social workers?”
which had four options ranging from 0 to 4 in the question were
also entered 5 as the answer by case IDs: 268, 280, 309, and 320.
 
For Q4: “Have you ever received services from a social worker?”
which had two options: 0 (Yes) and 1(No) in the question were
also entered 2 as the answer by three case IDs namely: 221, 268
and 280.
 
One of the respondents for Q4a, answered 2 and another one
answered 10 which is not correct answer to the question.
 
One of the respondents for Q7, answered 100 which is not correct
answer to the question.
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5. 
There are many questions in the survey which answer this
question in one way or the other and the descriptive statistics
for all these questions are provided in the table below. It can
be seen that the values of all the three measures of central
tendency are close to 3 which means “good” for the overall
experiences with a social worker. However, the survey does
not include a respondent which has rated “very bad” and
“very good”. Values of all the three measures of central
tendency are more than 8 for “overall view of social work
profession” suggesting “positive” view. With regard to
importance of the profession, measures of central tendency
are greater than 8.5 suggesting quite important. All the three
measures of central tendency for the questions regarding the
importance of Hospice, hospital, school, mental health
centers are greater than 4 suggesting social workers are
important and for prison and non-profit management, mean is
greater than 3.5 indicating between close to important.
 Thus, all the questions indicate that the social workers are
quite beneficial.

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On a
How How
How scale How How
impo impo
woul of 1 On a impor import
rtant rtant How
d - 10, scale tant is ant is
is it is it How import
you what of 1 - it to it to
to to importa ant is it
rate is 10, have have a
have have nt is it to have
your your how a social
a a to have a social
over over impor social worke
social social a social worker
all all tant is worke r in
work work worker in the
expe view the r in the
er in er in in the followi
rien of social the followi
the the followin ng
ces the work follow ng
follo follo g environ
with socia profes ing enviro
wing wing environ ment:
a l sion enviro nment
envir envir ment: Mental
socia wor to the nment : Non-
onme onme School Health
l k comm : profit
nt: nt: Centers
wor prof unity? Priso Manag
Hosp Hospi
ker? essio n ement
ice tal
n?

Mean 2.98 7.88 8.73 4.16 4.25 3.78 4.15 4.41 3.65
Median 3 8 9 4 5 4 4 5 4
Mode 3 10 10 5 5 5 5 5 5
Std.
0.96 2.15 5.34 1.022 1.015 1.31 1.08 0.90 1.31
Dev
Minim
0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
um
Maxim
4 10 100 5 5 5 5 5 5
um

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6. 
More than 75% of the respondents in the survey feel that the
resources provided to people who have received services were
either “useful” or “very useful” as can be seen from the histogram
provided below. But it should be noted that about 207 respondents
have not answered the question which comprises of about 60% of
the respondents in the survey.
How useful were the resources
provided by Social worker?
Not very useful at
all

Somewhat useful

Useful

Very useful

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Percentage

7. 
Histograms for the both the variables show that none of these is
close to normal.
 
The mean value of the Q2 and Q16, two continuous variables, is
larger than the median value which suggests that the data is
positively skewed. It can also be confirmed from the positive
skewness values for the two variables i.e. 1.5 and 0.7 respectively.
It can also be seen from the larger side tail in the histograms for
both the variables.
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How long have you Age
practiced as a social
160
worker?
140
25
120

100
20

Frequency
80
15
Frequency

60

40
10
20

5 0
< 20 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- >70
30 40 50 60 70
0
<5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 > 25 In Years
Years

Q2 Q16

Mean 7.5 36.30814


Median 5 32
Mode 1 24

Std Dev 6.859394 13.57447

Sample Variance 47.05128 184.2663

Kurtosis 1.772852 -0.53979

Skewness 1.496658 0.695222

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