Professional Documents
Culture Documents
McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2015 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
References
Chapter Contents
1-3
Chapter 1
Overview of Statistics
1-4
What is Statistics?
Most people become familiar with probability and statistics through
radio, television, newspapers, and magazines. For example, the
following statements were found in newspapers:
• Ten of thousands parents in Malaysia have chosen StemLife as their trusted
stem cell bank.
• The death rate from lung cancer was 10 times for smokers compared
to nonsmokers.
• The average cost of a wedding is nearly $5,000.
• In USA, the median salary for men with a bachelor’s degree is $49,982, while
the median salary for women with a bachelor’s degree is $35,408.
• Globally, an estimated 500,000 children under the age of 15 live with Type 1
diabetes.
• Women who eat fish once a week are 29% less likely to develop heart disease.
(Unknown resources)
Chapter 1
LO1-1 1.1 What is Statistics?
1-6
Chapter 1
LO1-1 1.1 What is Statistics?
1-7
START
Gathering of
Data
Classification,
Summarization, and
Processing of data
Presentation and
Communication of
Summarized information
Yes
Use sample information
Is Information from a
to make inferences about
sample?
the population Statistical
Inference
No
Descripti
ve
Draw conclusions about
Statistics Use cencus data to
the population
analyze the population
characteristic (parameter)
characteristic under study
under study
STOP
(Unknown resources)
Chapter 1
LO1-1 1.1 What is Statistics?
• Figure 1.1 identifies the tasks and the chapters for each.
Figure 1.1
1-9
Chapter 1
LO1-2 1.2 Why Study Statistics?
1-10
Chapter 1
LO1-2 1.2 Why Study Statistics?
1-11
Chapter 1
LO1-2 1.2 Why Study Statistics?
Communication
Understanding the language of statistics facilitates
communication and improves problem solving.
Computer Skills
The use of spreadsheets for data analysis and word
processors or presentation software for reports
improves upon your existing skills
1-12
Chapter 1
LO1-2 1.2 Why Study Statistics?
Information Management
Statistics helps summarize small and large amounts of
data and reveal underlying relationships.
Technical Literacy
Career opportunities are in growth industries propelled
by advanced technology. The use of statistical software
increases your technical literacy.
1-13
Chapter 1
LO1-2 1.2 Why Study Statistics?
Process Improvement
Statistics helps firms oversee their suppliers, monitor
their internal operations, and identify problems.
1-14
Minicase: Can Statistics Predict Airfares?
Auditing
Sample from over 12,000 invoices to estimate the
proportion of incorrectly paid invoices.
Marketing
Identify likely repeat customers for Amazon.com and
suggest co-marketing opportunities based on a
database of 5 million Internet purchases.
1-16
Chapter 1
LO1-3 1.3 Statistics in Business
Health Care
Evaluate 100 incoming patients using a 42-item physical
and mental assessment questionnaire.
Quality Improvement
Initiate a triple inspection program, setting penalties for
workers who produce poor-quality output.
1-17
Chapter 1
LO1-3 1.3 Statistics in Business
Purchasing
Determine the defect rate of a shipment and whether
that rate has changed significantly over time.
Medicine
Determine whether a new drug is really better than the
placebo or if the difference is due to chance.
1-18
Chapter 1
LO1-3 1.3 Statistics in Business
Operations Management
Manage inventory by forecasting consumer demand.
Product Warranty
Determine the average dollar cost of engine
warranty claims on a new hybrid engine
1-19
Minicase: Sell Noodles with Statistics?
1-21
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
1-22
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
1-23
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
1-24
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
Business Ethics
1-25
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
Business Ethics
Some broad ethical responsibilities of business are
(continued)
1-26
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
1-27
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
1-28
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
Using Consultants
Hire consultants at the beginning of the project, when your
team lacks certain skills or when an unbiased or informed
view is needed.
Note:
Some companies expect their employees to be able to
interpret the results of a statistical analysis, even if it was
completed by an outside consultant.
1-29
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
1-30
Chapter 1
LO1-4 1.4 Statistical Challenges
1-31
Chapter 1
1.5 Critical Thinking
LO1-5: List and explain common statistical pitfalls..
1-32
Chapter 1
LO1-5 1.5 Critical Thinking
1-33
Chapter 1
LO1-5 1.5 Critical Thinking
1-34
Chapter 1
LO1-5 1.5 Critical Thinking
1-36
Chapter 1
LO1-5 1.5 Critical Thinking
Pitfall 5: Assuming a Causal Link
1-37
Chapter 1
LO1-5 1.5 Critical Thinking
Pitfall 5: Assuming a Causal Link
1-38
Chapter 1
LO1-5 1.5 Critical Thinking
1-39
Chapter 1
LO1-5 1.5 Critical Thinking