BRAIN GATE

Name:Tejas .P.Bhandari
Seat No:77
Guided by: Sindhu Pandya
T.Y.B.C.A Sem-6
CONTENT
• Introduction
• Development
• Working principle
• Components in this system
• Software behind brain gate
• Application
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
 INTRODUCTION
What is brain gate technology?
• Brain gate is neuroprosthetic devices that converts brain activity
into computer commands
• It is designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs or
other bodily function, such as patients with Amyotropic Lateral
Scleroris (ALS) or spinal cord injury
• The mind-to-movement system that allows a handicaped man to
control a computer using only his thoughts is done by using BRAIN
GATE SYSTEM
 What It Is?
• The sensor consists of a tiny
chip with one hundred
electrode sensors each thinner
than a hair that detect brain
cell electrical activity.
 DEVELOPMENT
• Brain gate is a brain implant System developed by the bio-tech
company Cyberkinetics in 2003 in conjunction with the
Department of Neuroscience at Brown University.
• The brain gate is the culmination of 10
years of research in the laboratory of
Dr.John Donoghue, who is the chair man of
the Neuroscience Department at Brown
University and chief scientific officer for
cyberkinetics.
• He studied the functioning of brain gate in
monkeys and proved that they were able to
control a curser on a computer monitor Dr.John Donoghue
with their thoughts.
Cont…
• In July 2009, a second clinical trail (dubbed “Brain Gate2”)
was initiated by researchers at Massachusetts General
Hospital, Brown University.

Jeff Stibel Judy Hackett Nicholas Hatsopoulos

 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
• The brain is hardwired with connections, which are made by billions
of neurons that make electrical signals whenever they are stimulated.

• The Principle of Operation behind the brain gate System is that with
intact brain function, brain signals are generated even though they are
not sent to the arms, hands and legs.

• The signals are interpreted and translated into cursor movements,

offering the user an alternate Brain Gate pathway to control a
computer with thought, just as individuals who have the ability to
move their hands use a mouse.
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
In general the working of BRAIN GATE SYSTEM is done using 3
techniques namely,

• Brain Control motor function

• By using Neuron feedback

• Neuroprosthetic device
BRAIN CONTROL MOTOR FUNCTION
• The brain is "hardwired" with connections,
which are made by billions of neurons that
make electricity whenever they are
stimulated.
• The electrical patterns are called brain
waves.
• Muscles in the body's limbs contain
embedded sensors called muscle spindles
that measure the length and speed of the
muscles as they stretch and contract as you
move. Other sensors in the skin respond to
stretching and pressure.
 NEURO FEEDBACK
• A technique called neuro feedback
uses connecting sensors on the scalp
to translate brain waves into
information a person can learn from.
• The sensors register different
frequencies of the signals produced
in the brain.
• These changes in brain wave
patterns indicate whether someone is
concentrating or suppressing his
impulses, or whether he is relaxed or
tense.
NEUROPROTHETIC DEVICE
• A neuroprosthetic device
converts brain activity into
computer commands.

• A sensor is implanted on the

brain, and electrodes are hooked
up to wires that travel to a
pedestal on the scalp. From
there, a fiber optic cable carries
the brain activity data to a
nearby computer.
HOW IT WORKS?
• Brain Gate uses a sensor that is implanted onto the motor
cortex of the brain. The device analyzes brain signals then
interprets and translated them into cursor movements.
WORKING OF BRAIN GATE SYSTEM
 INVASIVE
 Invasive Brain Computer Interface are Implanted directly into the
grey matter of the brain during neurosurgery.
 Invasive Brain Computer Interface provide the highest quality of
signals among Brain Computer Interfaces but are prone to scar-tissue
built-ups.
PARTIALLY INVASIVE
• Partially invasive BCI device are implanted inside the
skull but rest outside the brain rather than within the
grey matter.
• They prouduce better resolution signals than non-
invasive BCIs where the bone tissue of the cranium
deflects and deforms signals and have a lower risk of
forming scar-tissue

NON-INVASIVE
• No break in the skin is made.
Activities are carried out on the scalp.
 COMPONENTS
o NEUROCHIP
o CONNECTOR
o PREPROCESSING SECTION
o COMPUTER
o EXERNAL DEVICES
SOFTWARE BEHIND BRAIN GATE
• The computer translate brain activity
and create the communication output
using custom decoding software.
• System uses translation algorithm in
which a linear equation translate mu-
rhythm or 10 time/s, adaptive
algorithms and pattern-matching
techniques to facilitate communication.
• The algorithms are written in C, JAVA
and MATLAB.
BRAIN GATE RESEARCH IN ANIMALS
• At first , Rat were implanted with Brain Computer Interface.
• Signals Recorded from the cerebral cortex of rat to operate Brain
Computer Interface to carry out the movement.
Cont…
• Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh had demonstrated on a
monkey that can feed itself with a robotic arm simply by using
signals from its brain. Using only its mind the monkey was able to
control a cursor on computer monitor via Brain Gate.
 APPLICATION
• In Fox borough , a 25-year old paralyzed patient sits in wheelchair
with wires coming out of a bottle-cap-size connector stuck in his
skull.The wires run from 100 tiny sensors implanted in his brain and
out to a computer.Using just his thoughts, he was playing the
computer game pong.
 Statement Of Nagle

“I can't put it into words. It's just—I use my

brain. I just thought it. I said, "Cursor go up to
the top right." And it did, and now I can
control it all over the screen. It will give me a
sense of independence.”
 ADVANTAGES
Controlling remote devices
Making and receiving telephone calls
Accessing the internet
Turn on or off the lights
Control robotics arm
Watch and control television
Use the PC
Locking or unlocking doors
Motorized wheelchair
 DISADVANTAGES
Expensive
Risky surgery
Not Wireless yet
Difficulty in adaptation and learning
Limitation in information transform rate i.e. 20 bits/min
 CONCLUSION
• Cyberkinetics is further developing the brain gate system to
potentially provide movement to people with severe motor
disabilities.
• Using the system, called Brain Gate, the patient can read e-mail,play
video games, turn lights on or off and change channels or adjust the
volume of a television set.
• This remarkable breakthrough offers hope that people who are
paralyzed will one day be able to independently operate artificial
limbs, wheelchairs.
• Finally BRAIN GATE has proved to be a boon for paralyzed patient.
THANK YOU