Ho Chi Minh City 1

University of Technology and Education

CHARGING SYSTEM

Do Van Dung, Ass. Prof. PhD

Faculty of Vehicle Engineering
Email: dodzung@hcmute.edu.vn
Mobile: 0903644706
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INTRODUCTION

 The automotive storage battery is not capable of supplying

the demands of the electrical system for an extended period of
time.
 A charging system is used to restore the electrical power to
the battery that was used during engine starting.
 It is the vehicle’s charging system that generates the current
to operate all of the electrical accessories while the engine is
running.
INTRODUCTION 3
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VIDEO CLIPS TO WATCH

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kT-DA6Ot00
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdSKlg80DjU&t=29s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tiKH48EMgKE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfGm0gZhgCc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jdSKlg80DjU&t=45s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRdRmBPfqH8
INTRODUCTION 5
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COMPONENTS

The conventional charging system consists of:

1. Battery.
2. Generator.
3. Drive belt.
4. Voltage regulator.
5. Charge indicator (lamp or gauge).
6. Ignition switch.
7. Cables and wiring harness.
8. Starter relay (some systems).
9. Fusible link (some systems).
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INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION 8
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

All charging systems use the principle of

electromagnetic induction to generate electrical
power.

 Electromagnetic principle states that a voltage

will be produced if motion between a conductor
and a magnetic field occurs.
PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION 10
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ALTERNATOR COMPONENTS

The main components of the alternator are:

1. The rotor.
2. Brushes.
3. The stator.
4. The rectifier bridge.
5. The housing.
6. Cooling fan.
ALTERNATOR COMPONENTS 12
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ROTOR

The rotor creates the rotating magnetic field of the

AC generator.
 ALTRENATOR - ROTOR
The rotor creates the rotating magnetic field of the
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AC generator.
 ALTERNATOR -ROTOR 15
The rotor creates the rotating magnetic field of the
alternator.
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ALTERNATOR - STATOR

The stator contains three

main sets of windings
wrapped in slots around a
laminated, circular iron
frame. The stator is the
stationary coil in which
electricity is produced.
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ALTERNATOR - STATOR

Two types of 3 phase windings connection

ALTERNATOR - PHASE VOLTAGE 18
ALTERNATOR 19
RECTIFICATION
RECTIFICATION
RECTIFICATION
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ALTERNATOR
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RECTIFICATION

Alternator with neutral diodes and diodes trio

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RECTIFICATION

Alternator with neutral diodes

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ALTERNATOR CIRCUIT

There are three principal circuits used in an alternator:

1. The charging circuit: Consists of the stator windings and
rectifier circuits.
2. The excitation circuit: Consists of the rotor field coil
and the electrical connections to the
coil.
3. The pre-excitation circuit: Supplies the initial current for
the field coil that starts the
buildup of the magnetic field.
PRINCIPLE OF VOLTAGE 27

REGULATOR
REGULATOR TYPE 1 (NPN) 28
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REGULATOR TYPE 2 (PNP)

REGULATOR CIRCUIT 30
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ALTERNATOR CIRCUIT
ALTERNATOR CIRCUIT 32
ALTERNATOR OUTPUT CURVE 33
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ALTERNATOR OUTPUT CURVE

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CURRENT SELF LIMIT

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ENERGY BALANCE BETWEEN
BATTERY AND ALTERNATOR
VOLTAGE CONTROL BY ECU
CHARGING SYSTEM WITH TWO
BATTERIES
 14/42 V CHARGING SYSTEM

https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a2198/4226979/
 HOMEWORK AND TASK 40

1. Design a voltage monitoring dashboard of charging

system by LabVIEW.
2. Alternator output voltage characteristics in 2 cases:
one diode shorted and one diode breakdowed
3. Convert a car alternator to a motor
4. Voltage regulator of motorcycles
5. Study on brushless alternator
6. Comparison between IC Regulator of BOSCH and
DENSO alternators
7. Study on installation of additional second alternator.
8. Calculation of max fuel economy with the combined
solar charging system
9. Charging system for hybrid vehicles