Fourth Grading

Period
 How many faces do we
have in a coin?
How about in a die?

How many suits do we

have in a deck of 52 cards?
 Define the following;
u t
r m C omb i n
Pe ion
at ation

a b i li t y
Prob
 n Picking three
Opening a team members
combinatio from a group
n lock consisting 10
Probability students
What is the probability of obtaining an
even numbers if a die is rolled
once?
Objectives:
1. Count the number of occurences
of an event using;
a. table b. tree diagram
c. systematic listing
2. Use the Fundamental Principle
of Counting in solving problems.
1. Study the number of outcomes
in tossing a coin twice.
a. If a coin is tossed, what are
the possible outcomes?

Head or Tail, 2 outcomes

 If the coin is tossed twice, how

many possible outcomes do we

have?
(one technique in counting events is to tabulate values)
 

Second Toss Head(H) Second Toss Tail

(T)
Head (H)
First toss
HH HT
Tail (T)
THpossible outcomes.
Therefore, there are four
First Toss
TT
2. A student is choosing between
Science (S) or Math (M) as a course
of study and intend to enroll in at
UP, DLSU or ADMU. How many
ways can a course and a school be
chosen?
(second technique in counting events is by tree diagram)
 Outcome
Science, UP
Science, DLSU
Science, ADMU
Math, UP
Math, DLSU
Math, ADMU
Thus, there are six possible choices.
 

3. How many three-digit

even numbers can be
formed using the digits
0,1, 2, 3?

(3rd technique in counting events is by systematic listing)

 There are only three digits to
choose from for the first digit of the
even number: 1, 2, 3
The are four digits to choose from
for the second digit of the even
number: 0,1, 2, 3
There are only two digits to
choose from for the third digit of the
even number: 0, 2
 1 digit
st
2 nd
3rd

3 x 4 x 2
1, 2, 3 0, 1, 2, 3 0, 2

24 three-digit even numbers

100,102, 110, 112, 120, 122, 130, 132,
200,202, 210, 212, 220, 222, 230, 232,
300,302, 310, 312, 320, 322, 330, 332
4. a. What kind of events do we
have in a problem?
Independent events because
they do not affect each other’s

outcome.
b. How can we get the number of

outcomes or the number of

The number of ways thatways?
these events can occur is
simply the product of the
number of outcomes/ways of
each event.
c. The observations made in the
preceding examples are the
conditions of the Fundamental

Principle of Counting.
How will you define the
Fundamental Principle Counting?
 The Fundamental Principle of
Counting (FPC)
If one thing can occur in m ways
and a second thing can occur in n
ways and a third can occur in r
ways and so on, then the sequence
of things can occur in m x n x r ...
ways .
5. Two-digit numbers are
formed
from the digits 0, 1, 2, 3,
a. How many two-digit numbers4, 5,
6, 7, 8 and 9.
can be formed?
9 options x 10 options
Non zero-digit No restrictions

90 two-digit numbers
b. How many of these are even?
9 options x 5 options
Non zero-digit 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
45 two-digit even numbers
c. How many of these are less
than 50?
4 options x 10 options
1, 2, 3, 4 No restrictions
40 two-digit numbers less than 50
6. A close friend invited Anna to her
birthday party. Anna has 4 new
blouses (stripes, with ruffles, long-
sleeves and sleeveless) and 3 skirts
(red, pink and black)
Assuming that any skirt can be paired
with any blouse, in how many ways can
Anna select her outfit? How many blouses
List the possibilities
and skirt pairs are possible?
(4choices for blouse x 3choices for skirt =12 possible pairs)
7. Suppose you secured your bike
using a combination lock. Later, you
realize you forgot the 4-digit code.
You only remembered that the code
contains 1, 3, 4 and 7. How many
possible codes are there without
the repetition of numbers?
1 digit
st
2nd
3 rd
4th

4optionsx 3optionsx2optionsx 1option

24 possible choices of 4-digit
code
 4 digit-code 4 digit-code

1347 4137

1374 4173

1437 4317

1473 4371

1734 4713

1743 4731

3147 7134

3174 7143

3417 7314

3471 7341

3714 7413

3741 7431

24 possible choices of 4-digit code

8. A die is rolled and a coin is
tossed. Determine the number
of different possible pairs of
outcomes.
6 faces (die) x 2 faces (coin)
there are 12
different outcomes
9. How many three–digit even
numbers can be formed with the
digits 2, 4, 5, 3 and 7 with no
repetitions allowed?
(hundreds place) (tens place) (unit place)
3 choices x 4 choices x 2 choices
There are 24 3-digit even numbers
10. Ten runners join a race. In
how many possible ways can
they be arranged as first,
second and third placer?
1st place 2nd place 3rd place
10 possible winners x 9 possible winners x 8 possible winners

720 possible arrangements

11. Michael is taking a matching
type test in which he is
supposed to match four
answers with four questions. In
how many different ways can
he answer the four questions?
4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 24 ways
Generalization
The Fundamental Principle of
Counting (FPC)
If o ne thing can occur in m ways
and a second thing can occur in n
ways and a third can occur in r
ways and so on, then the sequence
of things can occur in m x n x r ...
ways .
(SW) Analyze and answer the following problems below.
1. How many 3 letters can be formed using the
letters c, a and t not allowing for repetition of the
letters? List down all the possible combination
of letters applying the tree diagram.
2. In how many ways can the three questions be
answered by True or False? Make a tree diagram.
3. If you buy two pairs of pants, four shirts and
two pairs of shoes, how many new outfits
consisting of new pair of pants, one shirt and
one pair of shoes would you have?

4. In how many ways can you place 9 different

books on a shelf if there is space enough for
only 5 books?
5. The SBC Club organize a car race in which
four cars A, B, C and D are entered.
a. In how many ways can the race be finished
if there are no ties?

b. In how many ways can the first two

positions come in if there are no ties?
SEATWORK:
1. How many 3 letters can be formed using t
the letters c, a and t not allowing for repetition
of the letters? List down all the possible
combination of letters applying the tree
diagram. There Thereare are six
six 3 letters
3-letters
2. In how many ways can the three
questions be answered by True or
False? Make a tree diagram.
There are 8 ways.
3. If you buy two pairs of pants, four shirts and
two pairs of shoes, how many new outfits
consisting of new pair of pants, one shirt and
one pair of shoes would you have?
2 x 4 x 2 = 16 possible outfits
4. In how many ways can you place 9 different
books on a shelf if there is space enough for
only 5 books? 9 x 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 = 15 120 ways
5. The SBC Club organize a car race in which
four cars A, B, C and D are entered.
a. In how many ways can the race be finished
if there are no ties?
4 x 3 x 2 x 1= 24 ways
b. In how many ways can the first two
positions come in if there are no ties?
4 x 3 = 12 ways
Quiz:
Analyze and answer the following problems below.
1. If Jun has 12 T-shirts, 6 pants and 3
pairs of shoes, how many possibilities
can he dress himself up for the day?

2. In how many ways can Aling Rosa

arrange 6 potted plants in a row?
3. How many four digit numbers can
be formed from the numbers 1, 3, 4,
6, 8 and 9 if repetition of digits is
not allowed?
4. How many three – digit odd
numbers can be formed with the
digits 2, 4, 5, 3,1 and 7 with no
repetitions allowed?
5. You want to order your lunch from
the school canteen, which offers
student meals consisting of 1 cup of
rice,1meat dish and 1 vegetable
dish. How many choices do you have
for your meal if there are 3 choices
of meat dishes, 2 choices of rice and
2 choices vegetable dishes?
6. In how many ways can 7
different books be arranged on a
shelf if there is space enough
for only 4 books?
7. How many different three letter
sequences can you form from the first
six letters of the alphabet if no
two letters are the same?
Quiz:
Analyze and answer the following problems below.
1. If Jun has 12 T-shirts, 6 pants and 3
pairs of shoes, how many possibilities
can he dress himself up for the day?
12 x 6 x 3 = 216 possible ways
2. In how many ways can Aling Rosa
arrange 6 potted plants in a row?
6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1= 720 ways
3. How many four digit numbers can
be formed from the numbers 1, 3, 4,
6, 8 and 9 if repetition of digits is
not allowed? 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 = 360 ways
4. How many three – digit odd
numbers can be formed with the
digits 2, 4, 5, 3, 1 and 7 with no
repetitions allowed? 4x  5 x 4 =80 ways
5. You want to order your lunch from
the school canteen, which offers
student meals consisting of 1 cup of rice,
1 meat dish and 1 vegetable dish. How
many choices do you have for your meal if
there are 3 choices of meat dishes, 2
choices of rice and 2 choices vegetable
dishes?
  2 x 3 x 2 = 12 choices of meals
6. In how many ways can 7
different books be arranged on a
shelf if there is space enough for
only 4 books? 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 = 840 ways
7. How many different three letter
sequences can you form from the first
six letters of the alphabet if no
two letters are the same? 6x5x4 =120 ways
Answer the following problems
1. A cellphone service provider offers two
free smart phone apps. If there are 24
different apps choose from, how many d
different combinations of two apps can a
client have?
2. There are five doors to the lecture room.

Find the number of ways in which a

student can enter and leave it by a
3. In Make-Your-Own Pizza Parlor, a
customer can choose between either a
thin or thick crust. For the meat topping, the
parlor offers a choice of bacon, pepperoni,
sausage, or ground beef. For the veggie
topping, the choices are mushroom, onion
or green pepper. And for the cheese
topping, one can choose from mozzarella,
provolone, blue, cream cheese. How many
different pizza can be made?
4.a. How many 3-digit numbers can be
formed from the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 if no
digit is repeated in any number?
b. How many of these numbers are odd?
c. How many of these are greater than
300?
5. How many 4-digit numbers can be
formed from 1,2,5,7,8 and 9 if repetition
is allowed and if repetition is not allowed?
Answer the following problem( ASS)
1. A cellphone service provider offers two
free smart phone apps. If there are 24
different apps choose from, how many
different combinations of two apps can a
client have? 24 x 23 = 552 ways
2. There are five doors to the lecture room.

Find the number of ways in which a

5 xand
student can enter 4 = leave
20 ways
it by a
3. In Make-Your-Own Pizza Parlor, a
customer can choose between either a
thin or thick crust. For the meat topping, the
parlor offers a choice of bacon, pepperoni,
sausage, or ground beef. For the veggie
topping, the choices are mushroom, onion
or green pepper. And for the cheese
topping, one can choose from mozzarella,
provolone, blue, cream cheese. How many
2 x 4 can
different pizza x 3 xbe
4 made?
= 96 different pizzas
4.a. How many 3-digit numbers can be 4 x 3 x 2 = 24 3-digit
formed from the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 if no numbers
digit is repeated in any number?
b. How many of these numbers are odd? 2 x 3 x 2 = 12 3-digit
c. How many of these are greater than odd numbers
300? 2 x 3 x 2 = 12 3-digit
numbers greater than 300
5. How many 4-digit numbers can be formed from 1,2,5,7,8 and 9 if
repetition is allowed and if repetition is not allowed?
6 x 6 x 6 x 6 = 1 296 4-digit numbers
6 x 5 x 4 x 3 = 360 4-digit numbers
The Definition of a Zero Factorial
The first reason for why zero factorial is equal to one is because this is
what it the definition says it should be, which is a mathematically correct
explanation if not a somewhat unsatisfying one. Still, one must remember
that the definition of a factorial is the product of all integers equal to or less
in value to the original number—in other words, it a factorial is the number
of combinations possible with numbers less than or equal to that number.
Because zero has no lower numbers but is still in and of itself a number,
there is still but one possible combination of how that data set can be
arranged: it cannot. This still counts as one way of arranging it, so by
definition, a zero factorial is equal to one, just as 1! is equal to one because
there is only a single possible arrangement of this data set.

For a better understanding of how this makes sense mathematically, it's

important to note that factorials like these are used to determine possible
orders of information in a sequence, also known as permutations, which can
be useful in understanding that even though there are no values in an empty
or zero set, there is still one way that set is arranged.