Cause and Effect Conjunction

English LIterature
Grade XII

by
Agus Juraidi, M.Pd.
 Cause and Effect
Untuk menghubungkan dua kaliamt lengkap
(independent clause) diperlukan Conjunctions
Kalimat I, conjunction, Kalimat II
Contoh :
I stayed at home because it was raining.
Kalimat I Kalimat II
Conjunction
Beberapa conjunction menyatakan cause
Kalimat I Conjunction Kalimat II
because
Since
Reny is sick She works too
for hard.
as

Beberapa conjunction yang menyatakan Effect

Kalimat I Conjunction Kalimat II
Thus
Hence
He studies hard He passes the exam
Therefore
Consequently
so that
so
Pola kalimat cause and effect dapat dinyatakan :
Kalimat Preposition phrase Noun Phrase/Verb-ing
She gets sick Due to The rain
Rima lost her job Because of Her carelessness
Wati felt dizzy Owing to Staying out all night
She looks nervous On account of Her less preparation

Cause and Effect realtionship juga umum

dinyatakan dengan bentuk sebagai berikut :
Subje To be So adjective that clause
ct
She is so strong that Nobody defeats him
They were So Excellent That Every one gives him
praise
Hemp berbeda dengan ganja meskipun termasuk satu keluarga Cannabis sativa. Foto: shutterstock.com

• Hemp, or industrial hemp, is a variety of the Cannabis sativa plant species that is

grown specifically for the industrial uses of its derived products. [1] It is one of the
fastest growing plants[2] and was one of the first plants to be spun into usable 
fiber 50,000 years ago.[3] It can be refined into a variety of commercial items,
including paper, textiles, clothing, biodegradable plastics, paint, insulation,
biofuel, food, and animal feed.[4][5]
• Although cannabis as a drug and industrial hemp both derive from the
species Cannabis sativa and contain the psychoactive component 
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), they are distinct strains with unique phytochemical
 compositions and uses.[6] Hemp has lower concentrations of THC and higher
concentrations of cannabidiol (CBD), which decreases or eliminates its
psychoactive effects.[6] The legality of industrial hemp varies widely between
countries. Some governments regulate the concentration of THC and permit only
hemp that is bred with an especially low THC content. [7][8]
Hemp stem showing fibers 100% Hemp fabric Hemp dress Hemp dress

Hemp shorts Hemp sack

Hemp fiber has been used extensively throughout history, with production climaxing soon after
being introduced to the New World. For centuries, items ranging from rope, to fabrics, to
industrial materials were made from hemp fiber. Hemp was also commonly used to make sail 
canvas. The word "canvas" is derived from the word cannabis.[24][25] Pure hemp has a texture
similar to linen.[26] Because of its versatility for use in a variety of products, today hemp is used
in a number of consumer goods, including clothing, shoes, accessories, dog collars, and home
wares. For clothing, in some instances, hemp is mixed with lyocell.[27]
Do the following exercises. Choose one the best answer
1. Many species of wildlife are becoming extinct __________ the rainforests are being destroyed.
A.Therefore
B.Since
C. so
D. consequently 
2. __________ logging provides jobs and profits, the government is reluctant to control it.
E. So
F.Consequently
G.Due to
H.Since

3. Hemp can be used to make paper, __________ it could reduce the need for logging.
I. Therefore
J. So
K.due to
L. because
4. Hemp was grown throughout history __________ its versatility; it can be used to make many different things.
M. due to
N.Because
O.since
P.?as a result
5. Hemp is related to the marijuana plant; __________, it is illegal in many countries.
A.So
B.Because
C.due to
D.as a result
6. Hemp cannot be used to produce marijuana __________ its low THC content.
E. Because
F. As
G.because of
H.Consequently
7 . Marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. __________, some people believe it should be legalized.
I. So
J. Therefore
K. Due to
L.  Because
8. __________ Canada has legalized hemp farming, we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from hemp
very soon.
M.Therefore
N.Due to
O.So
P. As
1. Link the following two sentences using "because":
• Hemp is related to the marijuana plant.
• It is illegal.
2. Link the following sentences using "as a result":
• In the last ten years, many BC valleys have been clearcut.
• 142 species of salmon have become extinct.
3. Link the following sentences using "since":
• Forestry is important to Canada.
• It generates a lot of export income.
4. Link the following sentences using "therefore":
• Some people believe marijuana should be legal.
• Marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco.
5. Link the following sentences using "due to" (you will
have to change one of the sentences into a noun
phrase):
• Many species in BC are threatened.
• Logging is taking place.
6.
 Adverb Clauses - Cause and Effect Relationships

1. Because he was tired, he scored poorly on the exam, ___ into the university.
a. this will cause him to not be admitted
b. this is a fact which will cause him to not be admitted
c. a fact which will cause him to not be admitted
d. a fact which will cause him to not admit
2. ___ the TOEFL with a score of 550, he will be admitted into the university.
a. Now that he passes
b. That he has passed
c. Now, he has passed
d. Now that he has passed
3. Since July 4th is a holiday, ___ have to go to work.
a. so we do not
b. we do not
c. as a result, we do not
d. thus, we do not
4. Yousef went back to Saudi Arabia ___ to take care of some business in his
company.
a. and he needed
b. because he needed
c. which he needed
d. because he need
5. ___, he will return back to the United States to study English.
a. Had Yousef taken care of his business in Saudi Arabia
b. Now that Yousef has taken care his business in Saudi Arabia
c. Now that Yousef has taken care of his business in Saudi Arabia
d. Yousef has taken care of his business in Saudi Arabia but
6. ___ have to work today, we should go to Laguna Beach.
a. For we do not
b. We do not
c. Since we do not
d. Since we do no
7. Fabiana will not go to work today ___ a bit ill.
a. she is
b. because she
c. because she is
d. which is she is
8. ___, the temperature should begin dropping.
a. Now that the sun setting
b. Now that the sun set
c. The sun setting
d. Now that the sun has set
9. ___ is important since most professional jobs require writing skills.
a. Learn how to write
b. Learning how write
c. Learning how to write
d. Learning how to write it is
10. ___ Asian economic crisis, it has been very hard for Ai and her family to pay their bills.
a. The
b. Because the
c. Since the
d. Since
For each of the six questions choose the one correct answer.
1. I love living in Australia ______________ the weather.
a.because
b. since
c. as
d.because of
2. The increase in the number of cars on the road has resulted ________ more and more
traffic jams.
e.in
f. to
g.at
h.for
3. “He got to work really, really late ‘cos he missed his train”. Which cause and effect word
is ‘cos short for?
i. due to
j. because
k.as
l. since
4. Keith lost his job due ________ cutbacks in the department.
a.for
b.at
c.to
d.by
5. The increase in tropical storms in recent year has been __________ global warming.
e.put up with
f. put down to
g.set down to
h.put to
6. Which one is NOT correct? “He didn’t turn up for the exam. __________, he failed the course.”
i. As a result
j. Consequently
k. As a consequence
l. As a reason
 Fill in the blanks so - such - such a/an
1. They were  ….. bored that
they started studying.
2. There were …..many people
that we couldn’t buy a
ticket.
3. He is …..  bad player that
nobody wants him in their
team.
4. Tom is ……popular boy that
everybody invites him.
5. Jim is …. absent minded
that he always forget his
6. They were  ….cheap t-shirts
that we bought quite a lot.
7. Sundays are …..boring days
that I never know what to
do.
8. Bob is …angry that we don’t
want to meet him.
9. It’s ….lovely afternoon that
I’m going out for a walk.
10. She is … intelligent woman
that everybody asks her
advice.
 2.
Combine the following sentences using so...that:

Example: The exam was hard. I'm sure I won't

pass.    The exam was so hard that I'm sure I
won't pass.
1. It was very cold. We had to stop the game. 
2. He is terribly rich. He can afford to buy almost
anything.
3. The speech was really long. Everybody was
bored.
 3.
3. Combine the following sentences using such...that:

Example: I'm having a wonderful time. I don't want to

leave.   I'm having such a wonderful time that I don't
want to leave.
1. Skiing was a good experience. I decided to do
it again.
2. She's got an excellent English accent. Everybody
thinks she is British
3. Thailand has got beautiful temples. Millions of
tourists go there every year.
 4.
4. Transform the sentences in the way shown:

Example: The film was so boring that we left

early. It was such a boring film that we left early.
1. This book is so good that I can't put it down.
This is such …….. that I can't put it down.
2. He eats such a lot of food that he is getting
really fat. He eats so ….  that he is getting
really fat.
3. She buys such a large amount of magazines
that she cannot read them all. She buys so
…….  that she cannot read them all.
4. Nadal is such a good tennis player that he
wins all his matches. Nadal plays tennis
so …. that he wins all his matches.
5. I haven't played chess for so long that I can't
remember how to do it. I haven't played
chess for such …..that I can't remember how
to do it.
 1. Fill in the blanks with so or such:

1. The weather was….  cold that we cancelled

the trip.
2. The book is  …good that I can't put it down.
3. There was … a long queue that we couldn't get
into the cinema on time.
4. There was … heavy traffic that we arrived late.
5. It was….  a great book that I read it twice.
6. He's got  ….many friends that he's always out.
1. he plant died because it did not get enough water. Identify the
effect.
A: the plant did not get enough water
B: the plant died
C: the plant is green

2. Molly got an F on her spelling test when she did not study her words.
What is the cause in this sentence?
A: Molly got an F
B: she did not study
C: the test was too hard
3. Patrick had to sit out at recess because he did not complete his homework. True or False? The
effect is Patrick had to sit out at recess.
A: True
B: False

4. Identify the cause in this sentence. Alan threw the ball at Fred's head because Fred threw his apple in the trash.

A: Alan threw the ball at Fred's head

B: Fred threw his apple in the trash

5. Identify the effect in this sentence. No one comes, and the wolf eats all the sheep .

A: no one comes

B: the wolf eats all the sheep
 6. The boy cries wolf because he is bored. What is the effect?

A: he is bored
B: the boy
C: the boy cries wolf

7. The tortoise won the race because he continued on, slowly, but steadily. What is the cause?
A: the tortoise won the race
B: he continued on, slowly, but steadily

8. The hare and the tortoise had a race because the hare bragged about being faster. What is the effect in this sentence?

A: the hare and tortoise had a race

B: the hare bragged about being faster
C: the hare won the race
 Combine the following sentences using cause or effect
conjunction
1. – Aminah is sick.
- she doesn’t go to school (due to)
2. He has many chances to win.
He prepares himself well. (because of)
3. Rina looks happy
Her friends bring her many presents (owing to)
4. The school opens so early.
It is the first day of the academic calender. (on
account of)
5. The man died.
he lost a lot of blood. (due to)
 Make a short using cause and effect
conjunction
Choose one these topics
- The topic is about “On line studying”
- The impact of Covids-19 on learning process in
my school.