Cloud Computing

Saswati Mukherjee
Cloud Computing -- Definitions
• NIST definition:

Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a
shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications,
and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or
service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three
service models, and four deployment models.
Cloud Computing -- Definitions

A style of computing in which scalable and elastic IT-enabled capabilities are

delivered as a service to external customers using Internet technologies.

An emerging IT delivery model —cloud Prefer to call it x as a Service, where x is a

computing—can significantly reduce IT costs
& complexities while improving workload
optimization and service delivery. Cloud
computing is massively scalable, provides a
superior user experience, and is
characterized by new, internet-driven
economics.
consumable service resource that
customers can buy in an on-demand
fashion over the network. Cloud Services
enable customers to procure
infrastructure services where and when
they need them and pay for them on a
consumption based model
Cloud Computing -- Definitions
• Prof. Rajkumar Buyaa’s definition:
A Cloud is a type of parallel and distributed system consisting of a collection of
inter-connected and virtualized computers that are dynamically provisioned and
presented as one or more unified computing resource(s) based on service-level
agreements established through negotiation between the service provider and
consumers.
Benefits
• Cost & management
• Economies of scale, “out-sourced” resource management
• Reduced Time to deployment
• Ease of assembly, works “out of the box”
• Scaling
• On demand provisioning, co-locate data and compute
• Reliability
• Massive, redundant, shared resources
• Sustainability
• Hardware not owned
Cloud Evolution
Cloud Evolution
Cloud Evolution
Cloud Evolution
Cloud Evolution
Cloud Evolution
• July 2010 – Rackspace and NASA jointly launched OpenStack
• March 2011 – IBM announced IBM SmartCloud
• March 2012 – Google Compute Engine
• 2014 – Serverless Computing term is coined and used
• 2015 – Edge computing evolved
Cloud Computing

CLOUD
COMPUTING

e-PG PATHSHALA- Computer Science

Infrastructure
• Distributed Infrastructure
• Resource virtualization
• Autonomous systems
Essential Characteristics
• On-demand self-service.
• Broad network access.
• Resource pooling.
• Rapid Elasticity
• Measured Service

Source: NIST, Special Publication 800-145

Essential Characteristics

On Demand Self Service

• A consumer can unilaterally acquire
• computing capabilities
• server time
• network storage
• Automatically without human interaction
Essential Characteristics

Broad Network Access

• Capabilities are available over the network
• accessed through standard mechanisms
• by heterogeneous client platforms
• mobile phones
• Tablets
• Laptops
• Workstations
Essential Characteristics

Resource Pooling
• The provider’s resources (storage, processing, memory, and network bandwidth)
are pooled
• Serve multiple consumers
• multi-tenant model
• dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand
• Location independence
• Both physical and virtual resources
Essential Characteristics

Rapid Elasticity
• Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released
• in some cases automatically
• scale rapidly with demand
• Hence, appear to be unlimited
Essential Characteristics

Measured Service
• control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability
• Resource usage
• Monitored
• Controlled
• Reported
• providing transparency for both the provider and consumer.
Essential Characteristics

Source: Gartner
Essential Characteristics
• Service-Oriented
• Scalable and Elastic
• Shared
• Metered by Use
• Outcome-Focused
• Use Internet Technologies
Multi-Tenancy
• Multi-tenancy is sharing of infrastructure resources across multiple clients
• hardware or software
• Improves utilization
• drive cost efficiencies
• Example: An Apartment House (compared to an INDEPENDENT House).
• Shared infrastructure like lift, swimming pool etc. for all the tenants in the complex.
• No one person owns these shared resources
 Multi-Tenancy

App 2 App 3
App 1 App 2
App 1 App Server
App 3
App Server
App Server Database App Server Database
Database OS Database OS
OS Server OS Server
Server Storage Server Storage
Storage Network Storage Network
Network Network

• Single tenancy gives each customer • Multi-tenant platform: all

a dedicated software stack
• configuration, monitoring, upgrades,
security updates, patches, tuning
and disaster recovery.
applications run in a single
logical environment
• faster, more secure, more
available, automatically
upgraded and maintained.
Cloud Computing

CLOUD
COMPUTING
On demand self service

Rapid Elasticity Resource Pooling

Broad Network Access

Measured Service

e-PG PATHSHALA- Computer Science

Thank You!