MEM 818: HYDRAULIC

MACHINES
Presentation on:
Discuss Gear, vane and screw pumps; their
working, operation, applications
Presented by: Presented to:
Aryan Bhadoriya Prof. Anurag Gupta
(1705532)
Final Year Mechanical
Presentation Content

Introduction to Pumps
1. what is pumps?
2. Need of pumps

Positive Displacement Pumps and It’s Classification

Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps

Gear Pumps
1. External Gear Pumps
2. Internal Gear Pumps

Screw Pumps

Vane Pumps
1. Unbalanced Vane Pump
2. Balanced Vane Pump
3. Variable Displacement Vane Pump
What is a pump?
Pump is defined as a mechanical device that rotates or reciprocates to
move fluid from one place to another.
It converts Prime mover energy in to mechanical energy, then mechanical
energy into hydraulic energy (flow, pressure).

Need Of a Pump
Used to pump a liquid from lower pressure area to a High pressure area.
To increase Flow rate.
To move liquid from lower elevation to higher elevation.
Positive Displacement Pump
Positive Displacement pumps apply pressure directly to
the liquid by a reciprocating piston, or by rotating
members.

Uses:
Can handle shear sensitive liquid.
Use for high pressure application
Use for variable viscosity applications.

Different Types
1. Reciprocating pump
2. Rotary pump
Classification of Positive displacement Pumps
Gear Pumps

Rotary Pumps Screw Pump

Vane pump
Positive Displacement Pumps

Axial Piston

Reciprocating Pumps

Radial Piston
Rotary Positive Displacement Pumps
The working of all the rotary type positive displacement pumps are based on
the same principle, i.e. pumping of the liquid with the help of rotating
elements. The rotating elements can be gears, screws, vanes or cam, etc.

The different types are:

1. Gear pump
2. Lobe pump
3. Screw pump
4. Cam pump
5. Vane pump
6. Peristaltic pump
 Gear pump
A gear pump uses the meshing and De-
meshing of gears to pump fluid by
displacement. They are one of the most
common types of pump for hydraulic fluid
power applications.

There are two types of gear pumps, they

are
1.1 External gear pump
1.2 Internal gear pump
External gear pump

External gear pump uses two identical

gears rotating against each other. one
gear is driven by a motor and it in turn
drives the other gear.
One of the gears is coupled with a
prime mover and is called as driving
gear and another is called as driven
gear.
Each gear is supported by a shaft with
bearings on both sides of the gear.
The suction side is towards the portion
whereas the gear teeth come out of
the mesh.
How does a external gear pump works ?

Un-meshing of gear takes place in auction side as prime mover rotates the drive
gear. Due to un-meshing of gear Expansion of volume at the inlet of the pump. The
expanded volume creates a vacuum which allow external pressure to push fluid into
the pump.

As the gears rotates, the fluid available is trapped between the teeth of the gear and
cavity wall of the casing. Thus, transfers the fluid from the inlet side of the pump to
the outlet side. Tight clearances and the speed of rotation minimize fluid from
internally leaking backwards.

As the teeth of the gear become interlocked in the outlet side of the pump ,and the
volume is reduced and fluid is forced out under pressure
Applications of gear pump

Chemical blending and compounding

Used in various lube and fuel oils

Polymers and solving agents

Caustic and acidic fluids

Hydraulic, farming and engineering applications
Internal gear pump
An internal gear pump is a positive
displacement pump which displaces fluid
from suction to discharge side by using two
meshing gear are of different sizes with one
rotating inside other.
It has two gear :-
1.Internal Gear :-The larger gear is an internal
gear called rotor .It has teeth projecting on
the Inside.
2.External gear :- The smaller gear is External
gear .It has teeth projecting outside. It is
inside internal gear. It is called idler.
How does an internal gear pump works ?
• When gears rotate then gears emerge from the mesh on the inlet side of the pump and
it will create extended volume.
• The liquid is flown into the cavities and surrounded by the gear teeth as the two gears
stay to revolve opposing the partition and the casing sections.
• When the teeth of the gear are interlocked on the pump discharge side, then the fluid
volume will get decreased and the liquid is drawn out.

Applications of Internal gear pump

• Used in surfactants and soaps manufacturing
• Pigments, inks, and resins
• Used in food products like animal feed, cocoa butter, corn soups and in many
• Resins and Polymers
• Alcohols and solvents
 Screw pump
Screw pump is a positive displacement
pump which employs one or multiple
screws to move fluids from one point
to another. Its operation is similar to
that of gear pumps.
It has 2 screw spindles, one of which is
a driving gear and the other the driven
gear. The gears drive the shafts. The
inlet for the fluid is always located at
the bottom and the outlet at the upper
part of the pump.
How does a Screw pump pump works ?
The fluid enters from the inlet at the bottom of the pump. The driver and the
driven screw rotate in opposite directions, which builds up a suction pressure at
the lower part of the pump. This pressure drives the fluid upwards. The fluid
crosses the small clearance between the two screws and experiences a
centrifugal force. The combination of suction pressure and centrifugal forces the
fluid up and out of the pump.
Applications of Internal gear pump
Chemical-Processing
Liquid Delivery
Pharmaceutical
Marine
Fuel Injection
 Vane Pump
A vane pump is a positive displacement
pump that is used to increase the pressure
of the flowing fluid using the vanes which
are mounted to a rotor.
This pump can be used to flow the fluid
from one point to another at high pressure.
The vanes in the vane pump can have the
variable-length or can be tensioned to
maintain the contact of the vanes with the
wall of the pump as the vanes rotate.
The vane pump was invented by Charles C.
Barnes in 1874.
Vane pumps are commonly used in
automobiles, power steering of vehicles,
and are also used in air conditioners.
Types Of Vane Pumps:
There are mainly three types of vane pumps:
1) Unbalanced Vane Pump
2) Balanced Vane Pump
3) Variable Displacement Vane Pump
References:
https://marinerspoint.in/gear-pump-working-types constructions-
parts-applications/
https://learnmech.com/external-gear-pump-design-advantages-a
nd-disadvantages/
A Textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by R.K.
Bansal
Hydraulics, Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines by R.S.
Khurmi
A Textbook of Hydraulic Machines by R.K. Rajput
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