A pump is a device that moves liquids or gases by mechanical action.

All pump have an inlet ,a casing

,and an outlet. During operation liquids enters the pump through the inlet located here, this side of the
pump is also called the suction side the pressure of the liquid is lowest at this point. The purpose of the
pumps casing inside the pump during operation. The casing houses all of the pumps internal parts. The
liquid leaves the pump through the outlet this side of the pump is also called discharge side. The
pressure of the liquid is highest at this point.

Inside the pump there is a component that physically moves through the pump. The type of component
that used determines the type of he pump.

Basically pump can be group into two general categories, positive displacement pump and dynamic
pump. A positive displacement pump makes a fluid move by trapping a fixed amount of the fluid and
forcing or displacing that trapped volume into a discharge pipe or discharge system. Some positive
displacement pump use an expanding cavity on suction side and decreasing cavity on the discharge
side. Dynamic pump impart velocity and pressure to the fluid as it moves past as it moves past ot
through the pump impeller and , subsequently , convert some of that velocity into additional pressure. It
is also called kinetic pump. These pump operate by developing ahigh liquid velocity and converting the
velocity to pressure in diffusing flow passage.

Type of the positive displacement pump: a positive displacement pump can be futher classified
according to the mechanis used to move the fluid.

There are Three type:

Rotary type positive displacement

The nature of the rotary pump requires very close clearance between the rotating pump and the outer
edge , making it rotate at a slow , steady speed. If the rotary are operated at high speeds the fluids cause
erosion , which eventually causes enlarged clearance that liquid can pass through, which reduces
efficiency.

Rotary positive displacement pump fall into three main type:

Gear pump: a gear pumps are simple type of rotary pump where the liquid is push between two gears.

Screw pump: screw pump are the shape of the internals of this pump is usually two screws turning
against other to pump the liquids.

Rotary vane pump: this pump are similar to scroll compressors these have a cylindrical rotor encased in
a similarly shaped housing. As the rotor orbits, the vanes trap fluids between the rotor and rhe casing ,
drwing the fluid through the pump.

Reciprocating type positive displacement

Reciprocating pump move the fluid using one or more oscillating pistons , plungers or membranes, while
valves restrict fluid motion to the desired direction. In order for suction to take place, the pump must
first pull the plunger in an outward motion to decrease pressure in the chamber. Once the plunger
pushes back , it will increase the pressure chamber and the inward pressure of he plunger will hen open
the discharge valves and release the fluid into delivery pipe at a high velocity

Typical Reciprocating pump are:

Plunger pump: a Reciprocating Plunger pushes the fluid through one or two open valves , closed by
suction on the way back.

Diaphragm pump: similar to Plunger pump , where the Plunger pressurizes hydraulic oils which is used
to flex a diaphragm in the pumping cylinder. Diaphragm valves are used to pump hazardous and toxic
fluids.

Piston pump: displacement pump usually simple devices for pumping small amount of liuid or gel
manually. The common hand soap dispenser is such a pump.

Linear type positive displacement

Dynamic pump

Dynamic pump are one category of the under which there are several classes , two which:

Centrifugal pump: a centrifugal pump is a rotating machine in which flow and pressure are generated
dynamically. The energy changes occur by virtue of two main parts of the pump, the impeller and the
volute or casing the function of the casing is to collect the liquid discharged by the impeller and to
convert some of the kinetic energy into pressure energy.

Centrifugal pump are subdivided into several categories:

Axial flow pump: are high flow, low pressure pumps which lift fluid in a direction parallel to the impeller
shaft

Mixed flow pump: are medium flow , medium pressure pup which push fluid out away from the pump
ahaft at an angle greater than 90.

Radial flow pump: are high pressure , low flow pump which accelerate along the impeller blades
perpendicular to the shaft

Special pump: There are also a number of special types: of dynamic pumps which are defined by
certain characteristics.

Cantilever pumps: are centrifugal pump with long cantilever design used in sump pump application.

Jet pump: are kinetic pump with an ejector attached at the discharge out let , utilizing the venture effect
and motive fluid to generate pumping pressure
Turbine pump: are centrifugal pump that use pressure in combination with rotary mechanism with
numerous small impellers and vanes to transfer to a fluid.