Objective

 What is pump
 Application of pump
 Classification of pump
 Centrifugal pump
What is Pump?
 A pump is a mechanism that is used to
transfer a liquid from one place to another by
imparting energy to the liquid being
transferred.
 The Hydraulic machines which convert the
mechanical energy into hydraulic energy are
called pumps. The hydraulic energy is in the
form of pressure energy.
 Application of Pump

Some of the more common types of pumps required in industrial plants

are:
 Boiler feedwater pump - supplies the boiler with feedwater as
required. It must be capable of forcing this water into the boiler against
the pressure existing in the boiler.
 Fuel oil pump - used in oil-fired boilers to pump fuel oil to the burners.
 Lubricating oil pump - used to circulate oil to the bearings of a
machine such as a turbine, engine, pump or compressor.
 Circulating water pump - also called a cooling water pump. It is used
to pump water through a heat exchanger such as a condenser or an oil
cooler.
 Chemical feed pump - small capacity units are used to pump
chemicals into boilers: larger units are used as process pumps.
 Fire pump - used to supply water to plant fire lines.
 Domestic water pump - used to supply water to plant washrooms, etc.
Classification of Pump

Pumps fall into two main categories:

1. Those that use liquid velocity to create pressure.
2. Those that use positive displacement to create
pressure.
Pumps are classified, according to their method of operation,
as:
 Reciprocating Pump
 Centrifugal Pump
 Rotary Pump
Classification of Pump
 Centrifugal Pump

 A centrifugal pump may be defined as a pump that uses

centrifugal force to develop velocity in the liquid being handled.
The velocity is then converted to pressure when the liquid
velocity decreases. As kinetic energy is decreased, pressure is
increased
 Centrifugal Pump

OPERATING PRINCIPLE
 The working principle of a
centrifugal pump is shown
diagrammatically in Figure 1.
Rotation of the impeller causes
any liquid contained in it to flow
towards the periphery because of
the centrifugal force generated.
The center or eye of the impeller
is thus evacuated and liquid from
the suction line then flows in to fill
the void.
Centrifugal Pump

Centrifugal pumps can be subdivided into the following types :

 volute,
 diffuser,
 axial flow,
 mixed flow
 regenerative.
Volute Centrifugal Pump

 Basically, the volute centrifugal

pump consists of an impeller,
made up of a number of vanes,
which rotates in a volute
stationary casing. The term
"volute" refers to the gradually
increasing cross-sectional area
of the spiral casing.
Volute Centrifugal Pump

 The liquid being pumped is

drawn into the center or eye
of the impeller. It is picked up
by the vanes, accelerated to
a high velocity and
discharged into the casing
by centrifugal force. As the
liquid travels through the
volute casing to the
discharge, its velocity energy
is converted into pressure
energy. Since the liquid
between the vanes is forced
outward, a low pressure
area is created in the eye
and more liquid is drawn in
through the suction inlet. As
a result, the flow of liquid
through the pump is constant
 Diffuser Pump

 In the diffuser centrifugal

pump, the high velocity
liquid leaving the impeller
passes between a number
of vanes in a stationary
diffuser ring. These vanes
are shaped in such a way
that the channels between
them gradually increase in
area. As the liquid passes
through these channels, its
velocity energy is converted
into pressure energy. The
liquid is then discharged
either into a volute casing or
into a concentric casing
where farther velocity to
pressure conversion takes
place.
Diffuser Pump

 As these diffuser vanes are

spaced uniformly around the
impeller circumference there
is no radial imbalance
developed. In addition, in the
diffuser pump the velocity
energy of the liquid is more
completely converted into
pressure energy than it is in
the volute pump. As a result,
the diffuser pump is
commonly used for high
capacity, high pressure
service.
Axial Flow Pump

 Axial flow pumps, also referred

to as propeller pumps, use
impellers with blades similar to
those of an aircraft propeller.
The pump head is developed by
the propelling or lifting action of
the blades on the liquid.
 The arrangement of the pump is
usually vertical as in Figure but
horizontal and inclined shaft
arrangements are also
available. For the smaller
pumps, fixed blade type
impellers are used. Larger
pumps may use impellers with
adjustable or variable-pitch
blades which can be used to
maintain efficiency at loads that
differ from the design load.
Thank you