FLUID MECHANICS-1 LAB

ASSIGNMENT 1
TYPES OF PUMPS

Submitted to
Madam Rabia Saher
Submitted by
Hamza Mateen Puri
2020-ME-102

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING UET

LAHORE
Pumps
A pump is a device that moves liquids or gases or sometimes slurries by mechanical action
which is usually converted from electrical energy into hydraulic energy. It is a device used to
transmit fluids from one location to another.

Classification of Pumps
Pumps are classified into two main types

 Dynamic Pumps
 Positive Displacement Pumps

Dynamic Pumps
Dynamic types of pumps utilize centrifugal force to create velocity in the liquid being
handled. This velocity is then transformed into pressure. Kinetic energy is reduced and
the pressure will be enhanced. This difference in pressure moves the fluid through the
system or plant. A dynamic pump comprises of a rotating impeller that forms a vacuum
that helps in moving fluids. This impeller is enclosed in housing as it decreases pressure
at the inlet. The motion created is what drives fluid to the outside of the pump’s housing.
The pressure increases at this stage so that it can move it out the discharge.

Positive Displacement Pumps

A positive displacement pump uses reciprocating motion of pistons plungers or
diaphragms to move the fluid through the pump. The discharge of fluids is here in the
form of pulses. They can handle high viscosity at high pressures. Positive displacement
have a complex design. They can handle variations in pressure.

TYPES OF DYNAMIC PUMPS

Dynamic pumps has following types

 Centrifugal Pumps
 Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps
 Vertical Centrifugal Pumps
 Submersible Pumps
 Fire Hydrant Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps
These pumps are strong, efficient and fairly cheap to make . The pressure will
increase from inlet of the system to the outlet which will drive the fluid throughout
the system due to change in pressure.
It works by transfer of rotational energy from one ore more driven rotors, called impellers.
Fluid enters the rapidly rotating impeller along its axis and is moved out by centrifugal force
along its circumference inside the impeller’s vane tips.  The action of the impeller enhances
the fluid’s velocity and pressure and also directs it in the direction of the pump outlet.  The
pump casing is specially made to constrict the fluid from the pump inlet, direct it into the
impeller and then slow and control the fluid before discharge.

Applications of Centrifugal Pumps

The centrifugal pumps are used in different applications

1. Water supply for residential areas

2. Fire protection systems
3. Sewage/slurry disposal
4. Food and beverage manufacturing
5. Chemical manufacturing
6. Oil and gas industrial operations

Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps

A horizontal centrifugal pump will have its shaft placed horizontally usually between the
bearings and overhung. These multistage horizontal centrifugal pumps are typically easier to
install and maintain. The reason is this pump type provides easy access to its internal parts. You
can couple these pumps to an engine, electric motor, or even turbine. You’ll also have several
configurations for the nozzle, including side suction with side discharge as well as an end and
top suction with a top discharge.
Applications of Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps
Horizontal Centrifugal Pumps are used in the following applications

 High Temperature
 Spraying Systems
 Water Circulation
 Liquid Transfer
 General Purpose

Vertical Centrifugal Pumps

Vertical centrifugal pumps are also known as cantilever pumps. These pumps use an
shaft & maintain design that allows the volume to fall within the pit as the bearings are
outward to the pit. This mode of pump requires no filling container to cover the shaft
however in its place uses a throttle bushing.

Applications of Vertical Centrifugal Pumps

Vertical Centrifugal Pumps are utilized in the following applications
 These pumps are used where the usage of a submersible pump is not possible due
to the reasons like the flow of the water is above the pump range; the owner
chooses a usual motor which is located at the pinnacle of the pump.
 They also used to offer fire water to industrial plants.
 These pumps are usually used in wells to supply the water to agricultural
otherwise grass irrigation.
  These pumps can also be used to pump the water from a river, a bored well, and
reservoir.
Forms and Shapes of Vertical Centrifugal Pumps
The different forms and shapes of vertical pumps mainly include

 In-line pumps
 Barrel pumps
 Vertical column pumps
 Submersible pumps
 Deep well pumps
 Can Pumps
Submersible Pumps