PUMPS

INTRODUCTION
A pump is a mechanical
device that transfers electrical
energy into hydraulic energy
to move fluids (liquids or
gases, or occasionally slurries)
through mechanical action.
CLASSIFICATION OF
PUMPS
A fluid can be displaced either mechanically or by the use
of another fluid. Kinetic energy may be added to a fluid
either by rotating it at high speed or by providing an
impulse in the direction of flow. In order to use
electromagnetic force, the fluid being pumped must be a
good electrical conductor. Pumps used to transport or
pressurize gases are called compressors, blowers, or
fans. Pumps in which displacement is accomplished
mechanically are called positive displacement pumps.
Kinetic pumps impart kinetic energy to the fluid by
means of a rapidly rotating impeller.
PUMPS ENABLE A LIQUID TO

1. Flow from a region or low pressure to one of high

pressure.

2. Flow from a low level to a higher level.

3. Flow at a faster rate.

TYPES OF PUMPS

Displacement pumps / Positive displacement

Dynamic pumps/ kinetic pumps
pumps
Dynamic pumps/kinetic pumps, These pumps use a diaphragm,
change the direction or pressure piston, plunger, screw, gear, or lobe to
of the fluid using centrifugal or move fluid by reciprocating or rotary
axial force. Examples include the motion. Examples include diaphragm
centrifugal pump, axial flow pump, pump, piston pump, plunger pump,
jet pump, and electromagnetic screw pump, gear pump, and lobe
pump. pump.
DYNAMIC PUMPS
Also called Kinetic pumps, is a form of velocity pump that uses increased flow
velocity to impart kinetic energy to the fluid. When the velocity of the flow is
lowered prior to or as it departs the pump into the discharge pipe, this
increase in energy is transformed into a gain in potential energy (pressure).

Two types of dynamic pumps

Centrifugal pump
Special Effect Pump
 CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP
A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device
designed to move a fluid by means of the
transfer of rotational energy from one or
more driven rotors, called impellers. Fluid
enters the rapidly rotating impeller along
its axis and is cast out by centrifugal force
along its circumference through the
impeller's vane tips.
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
 BOYLES LAW

Fluid particles flow from high-pressure

areas to low-pressure areas. And the
bigger the difference between the
pressures, the faster the air will move
from the high to the low pressure.
 PRESSURE WILL
BALANCE OUT
NOT THE SIZES

Since pressure flow from high to low

We would instantly assume that the
sizes will balance out
But the result shows different
 Fluid particles flow from high-
pressure areas to low-pressure
areas.
So when a free volume is created it
creates a vacuum which is the
lower pressure area.
The higher pressure will then fill it
up to balance out.
How does it create a low pressure
and high pressure when no free
volume is created?

Unlike in Positive Displacement Pump

where it creates a free Volume to make a
low pressure or a vacuum pressure forcing
the particles to fill it up(came from high
pressure)
In Dynamic Pump, Specifically the
Centrifugal Pump Uses the Velocity of the
impeller to creates a vacuum pressure.
TYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Radial Flow (High head pressure and Low Flow Rate)

Axial Flow (Low Head Pressure and High Flow Rate)
Mixed Flow (Combination of Radial and Axial)

Other terms that should be considered

Horizontal pump: Having horizontal shaft
Vertical pump: Having vertical shaft
Single or Double suction pump
Single Stage pump: Have 1 impeller
Multi Stage pump: Have More than 1 impeller
HIGH HEAD AND LOW HEAD
PRESSURE
SPECIFIC SPEED
 RADIAL FLOW
PUMP

Radial flow pumps are centrifugal pumps, at

which the fluid handled leaves the impeller in
a radial direction. The radial outward
movement of the flow, Flow rate in the
impeller causes higher centrifugal forces,
which translate into higher discharge
pressures but typically smaller volume flow
rates.
 Single Stage Pump Multi Stage pump
Also can be called as…. Also can be called as….
Centrifugal Pump Centrifugal Pump
Vertical Pump Horizontal Pump
Single Suction Pump Single Suction Pump
Radial Flow Pump Radial Flow Pump
AXIAL FLOW PUMP
Axial flow pumps, also called propeller pumps, are centrifugal pumps which move fluid
axially through an impeller. They provide high flow rate and low head, but some models can
be adjusted to run efficiently at different conditions by changing the impeller pitch.
VERTICAL PUMP
CAN ALSO BE CALLED AS….
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
AXIAL FLOW PUMP
DOUBLE SUCTION PUMP
MIX FLOW PUMP

Mix Flow Pump is a combination

of Radial Flow Pump and Axial
Flow Pump
Where water get suck in the
suction radially and axially.
II. SPECIAL EFFECT PUMPS

A special effect pump is a device in which the norms of energy expansion are
still kinetic, the addition of velocity, but that require impacts other than that
of the refined centrifugal pump.

The special effect pumps run on some averages which are reciprocating or
rotary and consume power to perform automatic jobs striding the liquid.

The special pumps are mainly categorized into three different types
regarding the process they use to move the fluids: direct lift, displacement,
and gravity pumps.
 01 02 03

Direct Lift Pumps Displacement Pumps Gravity Pumps

Displacement Pumps operate by periodically adding Fluids with different specific
These pumps have a piston designed
energy through force to one or more movable gravities offer different resistances
to operate within water and have an
boundaries. The result is increased pressure to both the motor driving the pump
internal pipe that acts both as a piston
moving media through valves to the discharge. Also and the impeller spinning inside the
and as a pump rod. As this is raised
known as constant flow machines, displacement fluid. The higher the specific gravity,
the piston valve closes so that the
pumps produce a constant flow but in most cases the more resistance the fluid poses
water inside it is raised and it also
use a safety or relief valve. These valves are usually against the motor and spinning
draws further water into the pump
set to activate should the pump reach a certain
body. impeller.
level, to prevent leaking and other hazards.
 JET PUMP
Jet pumps are mainly used to generate and conserve space by reducing
vapors from a closed system. In this assistance, they are named
“ejectors.” steam gave the motive power. Jets for this basis are often
mixed with combining devices, and the whole system is bought as a
group.

Jet pumps are frequently used in aquatic applications; they are also
used to transmit seawater. Jet pumps can be evaluated as mixers or
circulators since the infusion mixes fluids.

A jet pump produces a high-velocity jet of almost any fluid to pump

another fluid by entrainment with pressure recovery in a diffuser.
 JET PUMP

Jet pumps are primarily used to produce and maintain a vacuum by removing vapors from a
closed system. In this service, they are usually called “ejectors.” Ordinarily, steam provided
the motive power. Jets for this purpose are frequently combined with condensing equipment,
and the entire system is purchased as a unit. Steam jets are occasionally used when boiler
water capacities are involved. Because jet pumps have no moving parts, they are sometimes
used to dewater sumps, especially where gritty or dirty liquids are handled.
ELECTROMAGNETIC PUMP
The electromagnetic pump regulates the
direction that a force is put out on a current-
carrying conductor in a magnetic field.

The high electrical conductivity of the fluid

metals pumped are consumed as the heat-
transfer medium, in some nuclear reactors and
strategies enables a pumping force to be
formulated within the metals when they are
limited in a duct or shaft and subjected to a
magnetic area and an electric current.
Arowwai Industries

RECIPROCATING PUMP

A reciprocating pump is a
positive displacement pump
that utilizes a reciprocating
component to transfer fluids.
The reciprocating plunger
converts mechanical energy
into pressure energy.
WORKING PRINCIPLE

A reciprocating pump operates by positive

displacement using a piston or plunger that
moves back and forth in the pump chamber.
The piston is connected to a crankshaft via a
connecting rod and is powered by an electric
motor. The pump cylinder has an inlet and
outlet valve, which are check valves, allowing
fluid to flow in one direction. The fluid is
sucked into the cylinder through the inlet
valve and exited through the outlet valve.
MAJOR TYPES OF RECIPROCATING PUMPS
PISTON PUMPS
The piston pump is one of the most famous types of reciprocating pumps.
This pump uses a piston to pump fluid instead of a plunger. In this pump, the
piston moves forward and backwards to pump the fluid. These pumps are
usually used to pump the fluids in high-head areas.

PLUNGER PUMP
These reciprocating pumps use a plunger instead of a piston. In these
pumps, these movement of the piston is the same as the piston. A plunger
pump is best for applications to pump chemicals, saltwater, and oil. These
pumps have low weight and low density. They need low maintenance. They
have high durability.

DIAPHRAGM PUMP
A diaphragm pump is a positive displacement pump that utilizes a Teflon,
thermoplastic, or rubber diaphragm or membrane. A diaphragm is
surrounded by valves. This pump is also known as a membrane pump. It
works by temporarily generating a vacuum.
ROTARY PUMP
It is a type of positive-
displacement pump that
contains blades hoisted to a
rotor that revolves inside a
compartment.
 SCREW PUMP
Screw pump prevails as an intermediary of the
strings on the routers and the tight fit of the
enclosing housing that creates one or more sets
of shifting cells in a sequel between the pump
passage and opening.
PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMP
The progressive cavity pump is used when an
output requires to be regulated gently and exists
in all the sectors of exchanges to transmit almost
all types of outlets continuously, smoothly, with
low beating and dosing in amount to accelerate.
GEAR PUMPS

The Gear pumps are largely

popular in the type of
positive displacement
pumps, the gear pumps are
always used in pumping
fairly high dense fluid like
engine oil, liquid fuel,
hydrocarbons, and
adhesives.
 PRESENTERS

HIYA-HIYA, LACSON, MALLORCA, LISBOS, KULY,

Amier-Qhaf J. Steven Kyle M. Mizzy R. Reymond M. Muomar M.

GROUP 5
THANK YOU!