YUUNIVARSIITII HARAMAAYAA

KOLLEEJJII SAAYINSIIWWAN HAWAASAAFI NAMUMMAATTI MUUMMEE AFAAN OROMOO OGUMAAFI

QUNNAMTII
 
SAGANTAA BARNOOTA DIGIRII DURAAN BOODAA SAGANTAA OGUMA AFAAN OROMOOTIIN
Maqaa Koorsii: Oguma Afrikaa ( Introduction to African Literature ) Afol : 527

Qajeelchaan : Gammachuu Hinnikkaa (Ass. Prof. )

 
 
 
Abbaltii Dhuunfaa:
 
Xiinxala Yoomessaa Asoosama ‘Arrows of God’

 
 

 
 
Barataa : Yaqiin Abdujaliil…. PGP 720 / 14
 
 
 
Yuunivarsiitii Haramaayaa
Bara 2022 / 2014
 Seensa …

Definition of setting

Setting is aliterary device that allows the writer of narrative to

establish the time ,location, and enviroment in which it takes place.

This is an important element in story. As setting indicates to the

reader when and where the action takes place.
Seensa …

• As a result the setting of a narrative or story helps the reader picture

clear and relevant details.

• In addition , setting enhances the development of story 's plot and

character by providing adistinct back ground.
Seensa …
•In literature , setting can be specific or general in terms of geographical
location and historical time period.
• 
•Example of the iportance of setting as aliterary device.
• 
• Here are some example of the importance of setting as a literary
device;
•
 Seensa …
-Helps establish mood and /or tone of astory.

-provides context for the other story elements such as plot, character,and theme.

-Reinforces the narrative by providing structure and function in the story.

-Enhance individual scenes within a story's plote.

COMMON EXAMPLES OF HISTORICAL TIME PERIODS FREQUENTL
USED AS SETTING.

• Here are some examples of historical time periods that are frequently used as
setting in literature;
Itti fufa …
•Ancient Greece - Roaring '20s
•West ward Expansion - Cold war
•Dark Ages -Victorian Age
•World war I/II -Contemprary
•Imdusttrial Revolution
Itti fufa …
•Middle Ages

•Renaissance

•Age of Exploration

•Classical Era

•Turn of the century

 Itti fufa …
COMMON EXAMPLES OF THE ENVIROMENTS FREQUENTLY USED AS SETTING.

Here are some common examples of enviroments that are frequently

used as settings in literature;

•Plains

•mountains

•beach

•wilderness

•desert
 Itti fufa …
•Island -country side
•bayou -southern plantation
•outerspace -ship at sea
• warzone
urban/city
-jungle
 COMMON EXAMPLES OF CITIES FRRQUENTLY USED ASSETTING.
• Here are some common examples of cities that are frequently used as setting in
literature;
•New york city -Lasvegas -Nasville
•London -Vienna -Baltimore
•Losangeles -Seattle -Paris
•New or leans -Tokyo -Barcelone
•Chicago -Detroit -Rome
•Hong kong -Amsterdam -Miami
• Berlin -Boston.
 Itti fufa …
•YOOMEESSA ASOOSAMA "ARROW OF GOD" JEDHUU.

•Fuula 9 keeyyata 3ffaarratti yoomeessa asoosamichaa

yemmuu ilaallu akkana jedha;

•"About three years ago abika had rushed into the obi one night
and flung him self at his father shivering with terror.

•It was adark night and rain was preparing to fall."

 Itti fufa …
•Kana jechuun; waggoota 3n darban obbo obikan galgala gaafa
tokkoo haala jarjaraafi as achi jedhuun ,osoo abbaan isaa
yaaddoon hollachaa jiruu halkan dukkana roobni roobuuf bu'aa
jiru itti dhufe.

•As keessatti yoomeessi waggoota 3n darban kan jedhuufi

galgala gaafa tokko ,halkan dakkana kan jedhu tahuu danda'a.

•Akkasumaas, yoomeessi kun kan gocha qooddattoota ykn

amala isaanii kan ibsu jechuun ni danda'ama.
 Itti fufa …
•Fuula 21 keeyyata 1ffaarratti yoomeessa asoosamichaa
yemmuu ilaallu akkana jedha;

•" Okuata, who died many years ago , ojiugo hardly knew he:
she only rememberd she used to give apeice of fish and some
locust beans to every child who went to her hunt when she was
making her soup.
 Itti fufa …
•Kana jechuun; aadde ojiugon obbo okuata kan waggoota baayee dura
du'an haalaan beekti.

•Kan isheen ittiin yaadattuus, gaafa isheen mana ishiitti shurbaa

godhachaa jirtu ijoollee isii bira dhuftuuf qurxummii fi baaqelaa
korophiisaa yemmuu kennituufi.

•As keessatti, gaaleen waggoota hedduun dura jedhuufi mana ishiitti

jedhu akka yoomeessatti kan fudhatamuufi amalaafi hojii qooddattoota
kan ibsuudha.
 Itti fufa …
•As keessatti iddoon muka jalaafi muka gubbaa jedhu akka
yoomeessaatti kan eeramu yemmuu tahu, inniis adeemsa seenaa
asoosamichaa kan mul'isuudha.
 
•Fuula 123 keeyyata 2ffaarratti yoomeessa asoosamichaa yemmuu
ibsu;

•"He was one of the three people in all the six villages who had taken
the highest title in the land, Eru, which was called after the lord of
wealth himself."
 Itti fufa …
•Kana jechuun; obbo Arun kan qabeenya waaqa booda jedhamu
namoottan 3n gandoota jaha keessaa kan lafarraa iddoo ol'aanaa
fudhate isa tokko.

•As keessatti, akka yoomeessatti kan eeraman iddoo gandoota

jaha jedhamuufi lafa ol'aanaa kan jedhu yemmuu tahu,
qoodattaan asoosamichaa obbo Eru jedhamu nama eessaa akka
tahe ibsa.
 Itti fufa …
•Fuula154 keeyyata 1ffaarratti asoosamichi yoomeessa yemmuu fayyadamu
akkana jedha;
 
•"But we are not sending him to his mother land to fight. We are sending you,
Akukalia, to place the choice of war/peace before them.
 
•Kana jechuun; nuti garuu akka loluuf lafa haadhasaatti isa hin ergine kan ergine
sihi, Akukalia, dursee akka iddoo lolaa ykn nageenya addaan baasuuf .

•As keessatti, iddoon lafa haadhasaa, iddoo nageenya/lolaa kan jedhu akka
yoomeessaatti kan laalamu yemmuu tahu, qoodinsa hojii qooddattoonni waliif
kenne kan tartiiibeessuudha.
 Itti fufa …
•Fuula 187 keeyyata 2ffaarratti yoomeessa asoosamichaa akka
xuqeetti;
•"As the planting season was near many of them carried long bascket
of seed-yams.
• 
•Kana jechuun; yeroon biqiltuu dhaaban waan dhihaateef irra caalaan
isaanii zanbiila dheeratti sanyii/biqila yam jedhamu ba'ataniiru.

•As keessatti, akka yoomeessatti kan eeraman yeroo biqiltuu dhaaban

kan jedhu yemmuu tahu, hojii namoota yeroo wajjiin deemuu akka
qabu kan agasiisuudha.
 Itti fufa …
•Fuula 219 keeyyata 3ffaarratti yoomeessa yemmuu fayyadamu akkana
jedha;
 
•"If war come suddenly to your town how do you call your men
together, father of my mother? Do you wait till tomorrow?“

•Kana jechuun; yoo lolli hatatamaan gara magaalaa teetii dhufe,

dhiirota kee bakka tokkotti akkamitti akka waamtu, abbaa haadha
tiyyaa hanga boruu ni eegdaa?

• As keessatti, yoomeessi mul'atu yeroo loolli hatatamaa dhufuufi iddoo

magaalaa teeti kan jedhu yemmuu tahu, mudannoo akka tasaa dhufuuf
furmaata barbaadamuu qabu kan mala dhahu fakkaata.
 Itti fufa …
•Fuula 236 keeyyata 4ffaarratti asoosamichi yoomeessa yemmuu
fayyadamu akkana jedha;

•"Fifteen years ago winterbottom might have been so depressed by the

climate and the food as to have doubts about sevice in Nigeria."
 
•Kana jechuun; waggoota 15naan darban rakkoo haala qilleensaatiin
yeroon gannaa waan miidhamuu danda'uuf, tajaajilli midhaan nyaata
Naayijeeriyaa keessatti shakkisiisaadha.

•As keessatti, yoomeessi jiru waggoota 15n darban , waqtii gannaafi

Naayijeeriyaa yemmuu tahu, rakkina haalli qilleensaa biyya tokko
keessatti dhaqabsiisuu danda'u hubachiisa.
 Itti fufa …
Fuula 265 keeyyata 1ffaarratti yoomeessi jiru akkana jedha;

•"It was five years since Ezeulu promised the white man that he would
send one of his sons to church."
• 
•Kana jechuun; obbo Ezeulun faranjichaaf ilmoo isaa keessa tokko gara
mana amantaa kiriistaanaa akka erguuf baallama erga seeneef waggaa 5
gaheera.

•As keessatti, yoomeessi mul'tu, gara mana amantaa kiriistaanaa kan

jedhuufi waggaa 5 gahuu kan jedhu yemmuu tahu, akkaataa
qooddattoonni asoosamichaa deeggarsa waliif taassisan eeruu barbaada.
 Itti fufa …
Fuula 289 keeyyata 2ffaarratti asoosamichi yoomeessa yemmuu kaa'u;

•" There is no cassava in my hunt, and today is not a market; so what do

you want me to do?"
 
•Kana jechuun; mana/goojjoo tiyya keessa cassavan hin jiru,
akkasumaas arra guyyaan magaalaa miti.

•Kanaafuu, maal akka godhuuf na barbaadda? As keessatti, yoomeessi

mana kiyya keessafi guyyaa magaalaa hin tahin kan jedhu yemmuu
tahu, yoo manaa dhaban magaalaa bitatanii , yoo magaalaan hin jiraanne
waan godhan hin qabanii kan jedhu ibsa.
 Itti fufa …
•Fuula 314 keeyyata 1ffaarratti yoomeessa asoosamichaa yemmuu
illaallu akkana jedha;
 
•"The market place was filling up steadily with men and women from
every quarter".
 
•Kana jechuun; iddoon magaalaa osoo addaan hin muramin dhiirotafi
dubartootaan yeroo kurmaanaa waggaa hunda guutamuu ture.

•As keessatti , yoomeessi xuqame iddoo magaalaafi yeroo kurmaana

waggaa kan jedhu yemmuu tahu, namoonni tajaajilaaf gara magaalaa
baayinaan dhufuu agarsiisa.
• 
 Itti fufa …
•Fuula 332 keeyyata 3ffaarratti asoosamichi yoomeessa
akkana jedhee fayyadame;
 
•"He want in to the kitchen for the tenth time that evening to
see how cook was roasting the chicken over a wood fire."
 Itti fufa …
•Kana jechuun; galgala san yeroo 10 gara alawaadaa deemuu ture, akka ittoo
lukkuu muka ibiddaan itti guban ykn tolchan ilaaluuf.

•As keessatti yoomeessi jiru galgala san kan jedhuufi yerroo 10 gara alawaadaa
kan jedhu yemmuu tahu irra daddeebiin mirk neefannaa waan tokkoo hubachuu
lan himuudha.
 

•Fuula 347 keeyyata 1ffaarratti yoomeessa isaa yoo ilaallu;

 
•"Perhaps thi was the real difference between British and French colonial
administration.

•The French made up their minds about what they wanted to do and did."
 
 Itti fufa …
•Kana jechuun; garaagarummaan dhugaa kan Britishiifi Feranjii
bulchiinsa kolonummaa tahuu danda'a.

•Faranjoonni daangaan yaada isaanii maal gochuu akka barbaadaniifi

maal godhaa turan kan jedhuudha .

• As keessatti, yoomeessi jiru iddoo Britishiifi Faranjoota akkasumaas,

yeroo bulchiinsa kolonummaa kan jedhu yemmuu tahu
garaagarummaa Biritishiifi Faranjoota ibsuuf yaaleera.
 CUUNFAA BARRUU
 
•Asoosama tokko keessatti caaculeen baay'een akka jiru beekamaadha.

•Karaa biraatiin asoosamnii caaculeen malee hin miidhaguus hin

barreeffamuus jechuun ni danda'ama.

•Haaluma kanaan, gosoota caaculee asoosamaa keessa tokkoofi guddaa

kan tahe yoomeessa asoosamichaati.

• Yoomeessi barreeffama khalaqaa tokko keessatti iddoofi yeroo bakka

bu'uun gaaffii eessattiifi yoom raawwatame jedhu kan deebisuudha.
 Cuunfaa …
•Kana malees, yoomeesso akka seensa barreeffama kanaarratti
ibsamuuf yaalameetti gosa adda addaa akka qabuufi faayidaa
garagaraaf asoosama keessatti akka dhimma akka itti baanu ibsamuuf
yaalameera.

•Isaaniis, yoomeessa oguma keessatti gargaaramnu, yoomeessa

iddoo/yeroo seenaa, yoomeessa naannoo, akkasumaas yoomeessa
iddoo magaalaa/baadiyyaa eeru maalummaafi fakkeeny saa waliin
kaa'ameera.
Cuunfaa …
•Walumaagalatti, yoomeessa asoosama"Arrow of God" jedhuu
dabalatee oguma keessatti maalummaafi akkaataa itti
fayyadama yoomeessaa, maal akka bakka bu'uu barbaade
wajjiin ibsuuf hamma tokko yaalameera.
GOOLABAMEERA

GALATOOMAA !!!