Cylinder and Pressure Vessel

Cylinder

• Thin
cylinder/ Thick Cylinder
Spherical vessel
 Stresses in Thin Cylinder
1]Circumferential /Hoop stress/Tangential:
Exerted circumferentially on every particle in the cylinder wall.
• Can be imagined as a band surrounding a barrel.
• When barrel expands, the band stretches and undergoes stress.

Stretching the shell

circumferentially

2]Longitudinal stress:
Parallel to the axis of cylindrical

3]Radial stress: (Compressive)

Caused by the design pressures acting through the wall thickness
(neglected). As P small
 Tangential/Circumferential/Hoop stress
Stress in Thin Cylinder

Assumption:
Hoop stress is uniformly distributed through t
(Because t is small in) Cylinder
Longitudinal/Axial Stress
Radial Stress in Thin Cylinder
(σr)

Pi : Very Less : σr is neglected

t : Less
Assumption:
Radial stress is neglected as P is very small
Principal Stresses in Thin Cylinder
σt
σL
σr

SO: thickness is calculated using tangential stress

Stress in Spherical vessel

Spherical pressure vessel has

twice the strength of a
Cylindrical pressure vessel
Seamless cylinder.
Storage capacity=0.25 m3,. Pi=20Mpa. L= 2di, Q
20C8 ( Sut=390 Mpa), FoS=2.5. Dimensions?
Q Air receiver:
Storage capacity: 0.25 m3
Operating pressure: Pi=5 Mpa
10C8 (Sult=340Mpa)
FoS=4
Neglect weld efficiency.
Dimensions of receiver:?
Stresses in Thick Cylinder CBS
Cylinder with Internal Pressure (Pi)
Principal stresses

Max Principal stresses

Min Principal stresses

 Wall thickness of shell
Lame’s Equation
t= Theories of failure
Clavarino’s & Birnie’s equation /St Venants theory

Clavarino’s Eq
Closed cylinder
Clavarino’s & Birnie’s equation /St Venants theory
Birnie’s
Open cylinder
Cylinder with External Pressure (Po)
 :
When subjected to PiPre-Stressing
,
Hoop stress σt limits pressure capacity

Autofrettage is method to increase

pressure capacity of cylinder the
Used for HP Cylinder, Gun Barrels
• Cylinder subjected to immense pressure, which causes
the internal parts of the vessel to yield, thus resulting in
internal compressive residual stresses.

•It increases pressure capacity of cylinder

•Residuals compressive stresses close the cracks
•For same thickness cylinder can be used for Pi more than designed.
Wire under tension is closely wound the cylinder results in
residual compressive stresses
P= Pi (Outer cylinder)
P= Po (Inner cylinder)
Deformations in Jacket and cylinder
Shrink Pressure P=38.46Mpa
Internal Pressure
Pi=300Mpa D1=20mm
D2=40mm

D3=60mm
Stress due to Shrink Pressure [P=38.46] Jacket

Stress due to Shrink Pressure [P=38.46] Cylinder

Stress due to Internal Pressure [Pi=300]
Resultan
t
σtmax in each cylinder
is same. Shrink Pressure P=?

Internal Pressure Pi=35

D1=50
D2=75
D3=100
E=207
KN/m
m2
Stress due to Internal Pressure [Pi]
 Stress due to Shrink Pressure [P]

Cylinder

Jacke
t
 Maximum tangential
stress in both tube has
same magnitude
END
Cylinder with Internal Pressure (Pi)
CBS
CBS
CBS