CHAPTER 6

INSTITUTIONAL IMPACT
OF SPANISH RULE
 Reduccion (resettlement)
 Task of the missionaries
 Augustinians, Franciscans, Dominicans,
Recollects and Jesuits
 Encomenderos
 To collect scattered Filipinos to reduccion (under
the sound of the bell)(under the peal of the bell).
 Establish pueblos and reside.
 Reduccion
 Christian indoctrination
 “Little brown Spaniards”
 Unbelievers went to the hill and was branded as
remontados, cimarrones, ladrones, monteses,
malhechores, tulisanes.
 Used colorful celebrations such as sinakolo, santa
Cruzan, moro-moro, processions
 “Hypnotized the indios”
Internal and external changes:
 Colonialchurches
 Convents made of stone like fortresses
 New Cultural elements from the Americas and the
Pacific
 New Aztec ethnobotanic specimen like corn, cassava,
camote, tabacco, fruits, vegetables and herbs
 Spanish customs and values, Christianity and
language
 Economic Institutions
Taxation without representation –
Income – generating were introduced
like personal tribute and income tax,
customs duties and bandala, taxes
monopolies, etc.
 Buwis
May be paid in cash kind
Partly or wholly
Palay, tobacco, chickens, textiles, wax, regional
produce.
1560’s 8 reales or 1 real = 12.1/2 centavos or
gold, blankets, cotton, rice, bells and raised to
15 reales until the end of Spanish rule.
 Additional taxes
Tribute of ten reales
Diezmos prediales (tithes) of 1 reales
Town community chest of 1 reales
Sanctorum tax for church support, 3
reales
Total of 15 reales other special taxes.
 Special privileges

Descendants of Filipino chiefs who serves in the

pacification campaign. Ex. Lakandula
Lbarorers of the arsenal and artillery yard in Cavity
Mediquillos (Filipinos who had medical experience
but no title)
Vaccinators
College students from UST, Letran, San Carlos and
San Jose
 Bandala
 Tagalog
 Requisition of rice goods and coconut oil.
(p.82)
 Replaced by Cedula personal or personality identity
paper.
 Filipino or other nationalities 18 years old and above.
 Polo y servicio
personal/Presentation Personal
From t he corruption of the Tagalog word pulong meaning
“meeting of persons and other things” or “community
labor”. Laborers are called polistas Filipino or Chinese
male metizos from 16-60 years old.

Render personal service to community projects for 40 day

until 1884 reduced to 15 days falla to be exempted
(palya) paid 1 ½ reales a day during the 40 days period
patterned after the Mexican repartimiento.
 Negative effect
Upsetting of the village economy.
Separation from family ( from different location even
outside the country ) decimation of male population (p.83)
 Encomienda
Encomendar meaning “ to entrust “
Encomendero is duty-bound to defend the encomienda.
To keep peace and order
Assist in mission work
Encomendero were granted rights to tribute.
 Kinds of encomiendas:
 Royal or crown
 Private
 Reserved for crown and include the principal ports
 Granted to individuals who were either the king’s
protégée's or men who served with merit during the
conquest and pacification campaigns.(p.84) (85)
Royal economic society of the friends of the country

Gov. Blanco- composed of leading men in business ,

industry and the profession, who he himself prodded to
exploit the island’s natural bounties.
Make the colony self-sufficient from the annual Mexican
subsidy.
Plan general economico-income generating monopolies
such as tobacco, areca nuts, etc.
 Royal Philippine company
 March 10, 1785 by Charles III
 Uniting American and Asian culture monopoly of trade in
the Philippines,
 Including Chinese and Indian goods to Spain via Cape of
Good Hope
 Opposed by Dutch and English, also competition to
Manila-Acapulco trade Hardship for the Filipinos( p.88-89)
 Preference to cotton production, black pepper, silk, indigo
and sugar.
 GROUP 8
APOSTOL PETER JOHN
TUSAN REYMARK
SABAL ANASTASYA
LUMBA PAOLO MARTIN II