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SCADA

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 Contents..

Introduction
Scada Generations
Hardware Architecture
Software Architecture
Functionality
Conclusion
Advantages
Disadvantages
References
 Introduction

What is SCADA?

What is data acquisition?

Where and why, use of SCADA?

Application area :
 Industrial processes : chemical, power generation and
distribution, metallurgy, …
 Nuclear processes : reactors, nuclear waste, ...
 Experimental physics : HEP laboratories
 Application size:
 20 k I/O to 450 K I/O,
 1 M I/O under development
 ERP Systems
Expert Systems
SCADA ?

Supervisory Data
And Acquisition
Control
Archiving, Logging,
Graphics and Batch processing Access Control, Alarms

Distributed database
Data Server Data Server PLC’s

Field Bus
Control Programs
 SCADA generations

1st generation (1970s). Co-located control

 Controlled units were on the same site as the
controlling computer with hard-wired
connections between them
 No network so no potential for external attack.
Very limited chance of insider attack because
operation by teams rather than individuals
 SCADA generations

2nd generation (1980s/90s) Distributed

control
 SCADA systems networked with devices using
special-purpose protocols
 No external network connection

 Vulnerable to insider attacks because of

distributed sites
 SCADA generations

3rd generation (2000s). Networked

systems
 SCADA systems no longer isolated but connected to external
networks
 External connection through computers (particularly PCs) that
are directly connected to the Internet
 May also interface with other Internet-connected systems such
as manufacturing control systems
 More use of standard protocols such as TCP/IP for
communications
 Remote system monitoring and upgrades from providers
requires network connection
 Architecture

Hardware

Software
 Hardware

Typical Hardware Architecture

Software Architecture
 Software Architecture

 Communication
Internal Communication
Access to Devices
 Interfacing
H/W
 Multiple communication protocols supported in a single system
 Support for major PLCs/DCSs but not VME

S/W
 API
 ODBC, DDE and OLE I/F to PC Products
 OPC Client and OPC Server
 ActiveX Containers
 Scalability

 Database
Configuration DB, alarm DB, Archive DB, log DB and
RTDB resides in the memory of the servers
 Functionality
Generic SCADA functionality
 Access Control,
 MMI,
 Trending,
 Alarm Handling,
 Logging, Archiving,
 Report Generation,
 Automation.
 Functionality Contd..

Access Control
Users - allocated to groups
group - defined read/write access
MMI
multiple screens
library of standard graphical symbols
dragged and dropped
zooming, re-sizing, scrolling...
Links - pages to navigate
 Functionality Contd..
Trending
based on parameters on specific chart
can be predefined or defined on-line
more than 8 trended parameters per chart
both real-time and historical trending
zooming and scrolling
Alarm Handling
based on limit and status checking
handled centrally

E-mails can be generated

 Functionality Contd..
Logging, Archiving
 Data stored in compressed and proprietary format
 Logging / Archiving either for a set number of parameters or
for a set period of time
 Logging / Archiving can be frequency or event driven *
 Logging of user actions together with a user ID
 VCR facility for playback of stored data
 Writing logs into RTDB
Report Generation
 Reports created using SQL type queries to the RTDB or logs
 Automatic generation, printing and archiving of reports
 Use of ‘components’ for report generation
 Functionality Contd..

Automation
triggered by events
defined in scripting languages
send e-mail ,write into RTDB
recipes
Sequencing
 Development Tools

Project editor
Graphics editor
Configuration through parameter templates
Scripting language
Driver Development Tool Kit
And more…
 Data Access Mechanism's
Alarm Server

 Alarm Server typically poll

data from the data server
( -> impact on network Data Server
bandwidth) Polling
More advanced techniques like
publish / subscribe are
available in some cases

Po
l
l in
g
 Data from field buses are
mainly polled
Field Bus
 Advantages of SCADA

 The system provide facility to store large amount of data.

 The data can be displayed in various formats as per user
requirements.
 It provides interface to connect thousands of sensors across wide
region for various monitoring and controlling operations.
 It is possible to obtain real data simulations with the help of
operators.
 Many types of data can be gathered from RTUs (Remote
Terminal Units) connected with the master unit.
 It is fast in obtaining response.
 Disadvantages of SCADA

 PLC based SCADA system is complex in terms of

hardware units and dependent modules.
 As the system is complex, it requires skilled
operators, analysts and programmers to maintain
SCADA system.
 Installation costs are higher.
 The system increases unemployment rates.
 The system supports use of restricted softwares and
hardware equipments.
 Conclusion

SCADA is a control system with

• More frond end functionality

• More interfaces and efficient storage
• More record or device oriented configuration
• but System wide configuration tools are needed
• are less expensive than DCS, but offer different functionality
than DCS
• And finally various applications
 References

1. www.scadanews.com

2. Google

3. Wikipedia

4. www.Studymafia.org

5. www.scada.com
Thanks