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Chapter-Network Theorems.: B.Sc-I
Chapter-Network Theorems.: B.Sc-I
Sc-I
Chapter- Network Theorems.
i1 i3
120 V i2 3 i4 4 12 A
Figure 1
• Solution
• The application of the superposition theorem is shown in Figure
1, where it is used to calculate the branch current. We begin
by calculating the branch current caused by the voltage source
of 120 V. By substituting the ideal current with open circuit,
we deactivate the current source, as shown in Figure 2.
6 v1 2
i'1 i'3
120 V i'2 i'4 4
3
Figure 2
v 1 120 v 1 v1
=0
6 3 24
where v1 = 30 V
The equations for the current in each branch,
6 2
i1" i3 "
i 2" 3 i4 " 4 12 A
120 30
• i'1 = 6
= 15 A
30
i'2 = = 10 A
3
i'3 = i'4 =
30
=5A
6
In order to calculate the current cause by
the current source, we deactivate the
ideal voltage source with a short circuit,
as shown
• To determine the branch current, solve the node
voltages across the 3Ω dan 4Ω resistors as shown in
Figure 4
6 2
+ +
v3 3 v4 4 12 A
- -
v3 v3 v3 v4
=0
3 6 2
v4 v3 v4
12 = 0
2 4
• The two node voltages are
• By solving these equations, we obtain
• v3 = -12 V
• v4 = -24 V
Now we can find the branches current,
To find the actual current of the
circuit, add the currents due to both
the current and voltage source,
Thevenin and Norton Equivalent
Circuits M. Leon Thévenin (1857-1926), published
his famous theorem in 1883.
Rs i i
+ +
+ V0
_ V0 v I0 Rs v
Rs
_ _
RTh
VTh
5 4 a
+ +
25 V 3A v2 vab isc
20
- -
b
Figure 7
Current isc can be found if v2 is known. By using the bottom
right node as the reference node, the equationfor v2 becomes
By solving the above equation, v2 = 16 V. Therefore, the short circuit
current isc is
v 2 25 v 2 v
3 2 0
5 20 4
25 V 3A
20
• Solution
• Step 1: Source transformation (The 25V voltage
source is converted to a 5 A current source.)
4
a
5A 5 20 3A
b
Step 2: Combination of parallel source and parallel resistance
4
a
8A 4
8
a
32 V
b
• Step 4: Source transformation (To produce the
Norton equivalent circuit. The current source is 4A
(I = V/R = 32 V/8 ))
8
4A
Figure 10
• Maximum power transfer happens when
the load resistance RL is equal to the
Thevenin equivalent resistance, RTh. To
find the maximum 2power delivered
2 to RL,
VTh R L VTh
pmax = =
2R L
2
4R L
Circuit Transformation
• The configuration of circuit connection can
be changed to make the calculation easier.
There are TWO type of transformations
a
which are Delta () to star connection ()
and vice versa.
Ra
R1 R2
Rc Rb
c b
R3
Figure 12 Delta and Star Circuit Connection
• Delta () to star (Y) transformation:
R1 R2
Ra
R 1 R2 R3
R2 R3
Rb
R 1 R2 R3
R1 R3
Rc
R 1 R2 R3
• Star (Y) to Delta () transformation:
Ra Rb RbRc RcRa
R1
Rb
Ra Rb RbRc RcRa
R2
Rc
Ra Rb RbRc RcRa
R3
Ra
•Thank You