Embedded Systems Design

IV Year B.Tech. ECE – I Sem

A.Y: 2016 - 2017

R.BALA BHASKAR
Associate Professor
Prerequisites:
 Apart from basic electronics, knowledge in microprocessor architecture
and assembly language, microprocessor peripherals, digital design,
computer organization, and the C programming language is highly
recommended for this course.
 Not prerequisites, but having experience in the operating system
internals and system development is definitely a plus.
Course Objectives:
 Understand the basics of an embedded system.

 Program an embedded system.

 To learn the method of designing an Embedded System for any type of

applications.
 To understand operating systems concepts, types and choosing RTOS.

 Design, implement and test an embedded system.

Course Outcomes:
Upon completion of this course, the student will be able to:
 Understand and design embedded systems.

 Learn basic of OS and RTOS.

 Understand types of memory and interfacing to external world.

 Understand embedded firmware design approaches.

 Text Book:
 Introduction to Embedded Systems – Shibu K V, Mc Graw Hill.
 Reference Book:
 Embedded Systems –Raj Kamal, TMH.
 Embedded System Design – Frank Vahid, Tony Givargis, John
Wiley.
 Embedded Systems – Lyla Pearson, 2013
 An Embedded Software Primer – David E. Simon, Pearson
Education.
 Embedded Systems Design

 Unit – 1 ::: Introduction to Embedded Systems:

 Definition of Embedded System, Embedded Systems Vs
General Computing Systems, History of Embedded Systems,
Classification, Major Application Areas, Purpose of Embedded
Systems, Characteristics and Quality Attributes of Embedded
Systems.
Unit 1 - Objectives:

 To understand what is an Embedded System and then define it.

 Learn about Real Time Embedded System.

 Distinguish between General purpose system and embedded system.

 Look at embedded systems from a historical point of view.

 Look at certain applications & purposes of embedded systems.

 Understand the characteristics of Embedded system.

 Understand the attributes related to quality of embedded system.

 Classify embedded systems.

 Learn about the architecture of an embedded system.

 Tell the major components of an embedded system.

 Embedded Systems Design

 Unit – 2 ::: The Typical Embedded Systems:

 Core of the Embedded System: General Purpose and Domain
Specific Processors, ASICs, PLDs, Commercial Off-The-Shelf
Components (COTS), Memory: ROM, RAM, Memory according to
the type of Interface, Memory Shadowing, Memory selection
for Embedded Systems, Sensors and Actuators, Communication
Interface: Onboard and External Communication Interfaces.
 Unit – 1 ::: Introduction To Embedded Systems:
 Unit -1 was an introduction to the world of embedded systems
and helped to define what an embedded system is, application
areas, classifications, characteristics and various attributes.

 Unit – 2 ::: The Typical Embedded Systems:

 Unit – 2 introduces to the elements of an embedded system and
explains how embedded system works with the help of case
studies. Explains about various processors, memory types and
selection, sensors and actuators, and communication interfaces.
Unit 2 - Objectives:
 Define and describe the elements of an embedded system.

 Learn the hardware architecture of an embedded system.

 Understand how embedded system works with the help of case studies.

 Learn about different types of core i.e processor – GPPs, ASIPs,

Microcontrollers, DSPs, RISC & CISC Processors.

 Understand the classification of processors based on Bus Architecture,

Instruction set Architecture and Big-endian vs Little endian processors.

 Learn about different PLDs.

 Learn about different memory technologies and memory types used in

embedded systems.
 Understand the different factors to be considered in selection of
memory.
 Understand what are sensors and actuators, communication interfaces.
 Embedded Systems Design

 Unit – 3 ::: Embedded Firmware:

 Reset Circuit, Brown-out Protection Circuit, Oscillator Unit,
Real Time Clock, Watchdog Timer, Embedded Firmware Design
Approaches and Development Languages.
Unit 3 - Objectives:
 Understand the clock, reset and protection circuits & timers.

 Learn the different steps involved in the design and development of

firmware for embedded systems.
 Learn about different design approaches for embedded firmware
development. Their merits and demerits.
 Learn about different languages for embedded firmware development.

 The steps involved in converting an Assembly Language Program to

machine executable code.
 Assembler, linker, locator and object to hex file converter.

 The steps involved in converting a program written in High Level Language

to machine executable code.
 Advantages and limitations of high level language based embedded
firmware development.
 Embedded Systems Design

 Unit – 4 ::: RTOS Based Embedded System Design:

 Operating System Basics, Types of Operating Systems, Tasks,
Process and Threads, Multiprocessing and Multitasking, Task
Scheduling.
Unit 4 - Objectives:
 Learn the basics of an operating system and the need for an operating
system.
 Learn the internals of RTOS and fundamentals of RTOS based embedded
firmware design.
 Classification of operating systems.

 Learn about tasks, processes and threads in the operating system

context.
 Learn about the structure of a process, process life cycle and process
management.
 Understand the difference between multiprocessing and multitasking.

 Learn about different types of multitasking.

 Learn about task scheduling.

 Embedded Systems Design

 Unit – 5 ::: Task Communication:

 Shared Memory, Message Passing, Remote Procedure Call and
Sockets, Task Synchronization: Task Communication/
Synchronization Issues, Task Synchronization Techniques,
Device Drivers, How to Choose an RTOS.
Unit 5 - Objectives:
 Learn about the different Inter Process Communication (IPC) mechanisms
used by tasks/process to communicate and co-operate each other in
multitasking environment.
 Learn the different types of shared memory for IPC.

 Learn the different types of message passing techniques for IPC.

 Learn the Remote Procedure Call (RPC) based IPC.

 Learn the need for task synchronization in a multitasking environment.

 Learn about device drivers, their role in an operating system based

embedded system design.
 Understand the different functional and non-functional requirements
that need to be addressed in the selection of RTOS.