DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

AND MANAGEMENT
AWARENESS
GEOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippines is susceptible to various type of natural

hazards due to it geographical lcoation and physical
environment; being situated in the “Pacific Ring of Fire”,
between two Tectonic plates (Eurasian and Pacific), an area
encricling the Pacific Ocean where frequent earthquakes
and voclanic activity reult from the movements of said
tectonic plates. In fact, the country experiences and
average of 20 earthquakes per day. There are 22 volcanoes
recorded to have erupted in the hitory in the country.
PHILIPPINES SITUATIONER
1. Disaster, wheter natural or human-made, affect everyone, especially the poor, children,
women and the elderly who have least capability to deal with disasters.
2. From 1994 to 2003, osme 2,5 billion people were affected by natural disasters alone
worldwide, which is an increase of 60% over the past decade.
3. More than 478,000 people were killed during this period
4. Floods and earthquakes are the deadliest accounting for more than half of the total
casualities.
5. Asia is the continent most affected, accounting for more than half of the casualties, and
more than 90% of those injured, homeless and needing assistance.
6. Past disaster, events worldwide would indicate that the impact of disasters is most felt by
developing and underdeveloped countries, particulary the poorest segments of society.
7. While governments are primarly responsible for disaster management, however, everybody
is equally responsible to undertake disaster preparedness, migration, ressponse and
rehabilitation activities to ensure one's survival and sssafety during emergency situations.
DISASTER RISK PROFILE OF THE PHILIPPINES
• RP is vulnerable to almost all types of natural hazards because of its geographic location.
1. Located within Circum-Pacific belt of fires and along typhoon path, the Philippines becomes exposed to natural perils like
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and etc,.

2. As an archipelago with 7,107 islands, the threat of tsunami affecting the country's coastal areas is not far-fetched.

3. The Moro Gulf Earthquake with7.6 intensity triggered a tsunami wich affected Southern Philippines and resulted to the
death of around 3,800 persons and destruction of properties.

4. Yearly, the country experiences an average of twenty typhoons, half of these are destructive; is a host to 300 volcanoes,
22 of which are active, as well as active faultss and trenches that are potential sources of earthquakes.

5. The country has also its episodes of human-made disasters such as urban fires, air, land and sea mishaps, and complex
emergency, mostly in Southern Philippines becauseof the secessionist mocvements.

6. in 2004, the country experienced 25 weather Disturances, four of these occuring successively in November and first week
of December and brought massive landslides and flooding in Southern and Central Luzon. And also last year, RP ranked
numer 4 worldwide in terms of frequency and death toll.

7. Tropical storm Ondoy and typhoon Pepeng, in Septemer and October 2009, respectively, rought two of the worst floods in
history of Luzon particulary in Metro Manila and Pangasinan that caused deaths estimated nearly 990 according to the
National Disaster Coordinating Council and billions of properties.
 HAZARDS IN THE PHILIPPINES

The Philippines is prone to various natural

hazards because of its geographic and
geologic settings.
HAZZARD CLASSIFICATION
1. Natural Hazards are natural processes or phenomena occuring in the biosphere that may constitute
a damaging event. It can be classified by origins: geographic, hydro-meteorological and biological.

a. Geographical Hazards - Natural earth processes or phenomena in the biosphere, which include
geological, neo-tectonic, geophysical, geomorphological, geotechnical and hydro-geolotical nature
Examples: earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic activities

b. Hydro-Meteorological Hazards - Natural process or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or

oceanographic nature.
Examples: floods, debris, and mud flows: tropical cyclone, storm surge, thunder, rain and wind
storms.

c. Biological Hazards - Processes of organic or those conveyed by biological vectorss, including

exposure to pathogens micro-organism, toxins and bioactive substances
Example: outbreak of epidemic disease, plant or animals contagion an extensive infestations.
2. Technological Hazards (Anthropogenic Hazards)
-Danger originating from technological or industrial accidents, dangerous
procedures, infrustructure failures or certain human activities, which may
cause the loss of life or inhury, property damage, social and economic and
economic disruption or environmental degradation.
Example:
a. Industrial pollution, nuclear activities and radioactivity
b. toxic waste, dam failures, transport, industrial or technological
accidents (explosionsm fires, spills)

3. Environmental Degradations
-Process induced by human behavior and activities that damage natural
resources base or adversely alter natural processes or ecosystems.
Overview of the Philippines Disaster Management System

• Sunce the OCD and NDCC's creation, PD 1566 has been

the basic law that guides the disaster management
programs, project and strategies implementation in the
country. However, it has observed and noted from past
experiences, combined with lesson learned and gaps
examination, that the law that creates the council is more
leaning and gives more emphasis on response action,
thus making the implementers reactive to possible
disasters rather than taking a proactive stance in disaster
risk management approaches and strategies from
reactive to proactive.
 REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121, KNOWN AS THE
PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT (PDRRM) ACT OF 2010

An act Strengthening the Phippine Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management Framework and
Institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan, Appropriating Funds Therefore and For
Other Purposes.
DECLARATION OF POLICY

1. Upholding people’s rights to life and property and

adherence to internationally accepted principles,orms and
standards for capacity building in DRRM and humanitarian
assistance;
2. Adoption of a holistic, comprehensive, integrated,
proactive and multi-sector approach in addressing the
impacts of disasters, including climate change;
3. Development, promotion and implementation of a
comprehensive National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Plan (NDRRMP)
DECLARATION OF POLICY

4. Mainstreaming DRR and Climate change in antional and

local development plans and development processes (e.g.
policy formlation, socio-economic development planning,
budgeting and governance);
5. Mainstreaming DRR into peace process and conflict
resolution;
6. Ensuring DRR and CC-Gender response measures,
sensitive to indigenous knowledge and respect of human
rights;
DECLARATION OF POLICY

7. Strengthening capacity building of LGUs on DRR (e.g.

decentralized powers, responsibilities, resources) and
vulnerable and marginalized groups;
8. Engaging the participants of CSOs, private sectors and
volunteers in DRR;
9. Promotion of breastfeeding before and during disaster or
emergency; and
10. Ensuring maximum care, assistance and services to
affected individuals and families.
D. DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
AND MANAGEMENT (DRRM)
CONCEPTS
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
(DRRM) Concepts
The concept of disaster risk reduction and management
(DRRM) accepts that some hazard events may occur but
tries to lessen the impact by improving the community’s
ability to absorb the impact with minimum damage or
destruction. Disaster risk reduction and management is a
series of actions (programmes, projects and/or measures)
and instruments expressly aimed at reducing risk in
endangered regions, and mitigating the extent of disasters.
 DISASTER MANAGEMENT
Disaster management refers to the efficient and effective
utilization of resources and the application of measure that
will mitigate the impact of unfortunate events and facilitate
return to normalcy and development.
1. Disaster management occurs before, during and after a
disaster.
2. Disaster management consists of the DRM Component
as well as relief, response, early and long-term recovery,
including rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
DEFINITION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
TERMS
A disaster can be defined as a “situation or event, which
overwhelms local capacity, necessitating a request to national or
international level for external assistance, an unforeseen and often
sudden event that causes great damage, destruction and human
suffering.”
1. Hazards. A situation that poses a level of threat to life,
health, property or environment.
2. Risks. A probability of threat of a damge, injury, liability,
loss, or other negative occurence that is caused by external
or internal vulnerabilities, and that may be neutralized
through preemptive action.
DEFINITION OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT
TERMS
3. Vulnerability. The level of susceptibility or resiliency of the
people and communities against the impact of the prevailing
hazards based on the state of physical, social, and
economic conditions in a given area
4. Disasters. A serious disruption of the functioning of a
community or society involvig widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and impacts, which
exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to
cope using its own resources.
 The Disaster Equation
• Hazards (H). Physical Impact of disturbance
• Risk (R). Likelihood of harm, loss, disaster
• People of Community (exposure). Elements affected by
hazard
• Vulnerability (V). Susceptibility and capacity to prepare,
absorb, and recover from hazard
 DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT-WHAT AND
WHO?
Disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM)
includes administrative decisions and operational activities
that involves:
1. Prevention
2. Mitigation
3. Preparedness
4. Response
5. Recovery
6. Rehabilitation
E. ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN BASIC
DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND
RESPONSE TRAINING (SURVIVAL
TRAINING)
E. ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN BASIC DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
AND RESPONSE TRAINING (SURVIVAL TRAINING)

1. FIRST AID
First Aid is what bystanders can do to treat a wounded or
sick person before the doctor arrives. The aims of first are:
To keep the person alive.
To stabilize his condition.
To relieve the pain, discomfort, and anxiety.
 WHAT IS AN EMERGENCY?

An emergency is a sudden onset of a medical or surgical

condition that is manifested by symptoms of sufficient
severity that, in the absence of immediate medical attention,
could reasonably be expected to result in serious danger to
health or impairment or bodily functions.
 EMERGENCY CHECKLIST

In a medical emergency, give first aid in this order.

1. If possible, get someone to call a doctor/ambnce while

you give first aid.
2. Open and check airway; remove any material in mouth
and throat.
3. Check breathing and if none, then proceed with mouth-
to-mouth assisted breathing.
4. Restarting breathing is first priority, except when the
problem is choking.
 EMERGENCY CHECKLIST

In a medical emergency, give first aid in this order.

5. Check for severe bleeding. If present, try to stop this.

6. If you suspect spine (Backbone) injury, do not move the
person. Do not turn or tilt head. Slide the while body with
head or neck support. Spine injury may be suspected if the
person has fallen from a height, been involved in a serious
traffic accident, or has a numbness/lacks sensation
in/cannot move his upper/lower limbs.
 EMERGENCY CHECKLIST

In a medical emergency, give first aid in this order.

7. If he is unconscious but breathing normally with no

suspected spine injury, put him in the recovery position.
8. Do not leave the person until medical help arrives. If you
are alone and no medical help as been called for, but there
is no spine injury and the person’s condition is stable, take
him to the Emergency Department of the nearest hospital at
once.
 MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION
This is a life-saving measure for person who stopped
breathing. What you (the first aider) can do:
1. Lay the person face up on a firm surface.
2. Support his neck and tilt his head back, to straighten the airway.
3. Open his mouth and remove any blockage (including false teeth) with
your finger.
4. Pinch his nose shut.
5. Take a deep breath, and seal your mouth over his mouth.
6. Blow strongly into his mouth 4 times in quick succession, while checking if
his chest rise.
7. Continue to blow strongly and steadily once every 5 secconds (i.e. 12
times a minute)
MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION:

1. Lay the person down, turn head to one side and check
for obstruction.
2. Pinch nose shut. Seal your mouth over his/her mouth
and blow gently.
3. Take a deep breath as his/her chest deflates and
repeat blowing procedures.
 CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

This is a life-saving measure for a persn whose heart

has stopped. CPR is a combination of external heart
massage and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. CPR is best
use only if you have been trained to doso by a qualified
instructor, or you may do more harm than good.
 CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

WHAT YOU (THE FIRST-AIDER) CAN DO:

1. Kneel beside the person,
2. Place the heel of one of your other palm on top of the first one. Your fingers
should not touch the chest.
3. With arm straight, lean forward until your shoulders are above the person’s
breastbone.
4. Press the breastbone downwards abot 4-5 cm (for an adult). With your hands
in place,lean back and the breastbone rise to its original position.
5. Continue pressing at the rate of about 3 times every 2 seconds (i.e. 80-100
times a minute).
6. Pinch the nostril and give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation at the rate of 2 strong
blows into his mouth after every 15 presses.
THE RECOVERY POSITION
 BITES AND STINGS
A. BEE STINGS
B. INSECT BITES
C. DOG BITE
D. SNAKE BITE
 HEAT STROKE
Symptoms
Mild heat stroke
 Dizziness, feeling faint
 Sweating
 Thirst, loss of appetite
 Muscle cramp
 Restlessness, anxiety, confusion
 Hot flushed skin (high fever)
 Absence of sweating, or profuse sweating
 Rapid pulse rate
 Diarrhea, in some cases
 Loss of consciousness
WHAT YOU (THE FIRST-AIDER) CAN DO:

• Give plenty of fluids (no alcohol)

• Let the person rest lying in a cool shady spot
• If unconscious, put him in the recovery position
• Apply cold wet towels all over, while waiting or the
ambulance/on the way to the hospital.