Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)

* World Conference in Disaster Reduction: January 18-22, 2005 in Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
* Formulated and adopted by 168 governments
* HFA priorities for Action
- Ensure that DRR is a national and local priority
- Identify,assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning
- Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience
- Reduce the underlying risk factor
- Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response

Sendai Framework
* Successor instrument to the HFA
* The UNISDR is tasked to support the implementation,follow-up and review the Sendai
Framework
* Seven global targets of Sendai by 2030
- Reduce global disaster mortality
- Reduce the number of affected people globally
- Reduce direct disaster economic loss in relation to GDP
- Reduce disaster damage to critical infrastructure and disruption of basic services
- Increase the number of countries with national and local DRR strategies (by 2020)
- Increase the availability of and access to multi-hazard early warning systems
* Priorities for Action:
- Understanding disaster risk
- Strengthening disaster risk governance to manage disaster risk
- Investing in DRR for resilience
- Enhancing disaster preparedness for effective response and “build back better” in recovery,
rehabilitation and reconstruction

REPUBLIC ACT 10121 (RA 10121)

* Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 (pic)

* Salient features:
- Adherence to universal norms, principles and standards of humanitarian
assistance
- Good governance through transparency and accountability
- Strengthened institutional mechanism for DRRM
- Integrated,coordinated,multisectoral, interagency and community- based approach to DRR
- Empowerment of LGUs and CSOs
- Integration of DRRM into the educational system
- DRRMF in the national and local levels
- Providing for provisions on the declaration of a state of calamity, remedial measures, prohibited
acts and penalties therefore
(Pic)

INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS FOR DRRM

* Four major institutional mechanisms:
- The DRRM Councils at the national, regional, provincial, city,
municipal and barangay levels
- Local DRRM Offices
- Office of Civil Defense
- Disaster volunteer
* National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) – policy-making,
coordination, integration, supervision, monitoring and evaluation functions
* Office of Civil Defense (OCD) – secretariat of the NDRRMC §LDRRMC
* LDRRMO
* BDRRMC
(Pic)

DISASTER PREVENTION AND MITIGATION OVERALL RESPONSIBLE AGENCY - DOST (pic)

DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OVERALL AGENCY - DILG (pic)

DISASTER RESPONSE OVERALL RESPONSIBLE AGENCY - DSWD (pic)

DISASTER REHABILITATION AND RECOVERY OVERALL RESPONSE AGENCY - NEDA (pic)

THE STATE AS A DUTY BEARER

* Refers to the state as primarily responsible for protecting its people and protecting their human
rights (pic)

STAGES OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION PROCESS

1. Selecting Community
2. Rapport building and understanding
3. Participating disaster risk management
4. Community-based DRR: Management planning
5. Community-managed implementation
6. Monitoring and evaluation

CITIZEN AS RIGHT BEARERS

* General principles for safe, empowered and resilient communities
- A society where people equitably share in the nation’s wealth, have
access to basic services and are self-reliant
- A society where people are free to chart the course of society, meaningfully participating in
decision-making and enjoying their rights
- A society whose people pride themselves in their cultural heritage and positive values
- A society that enjoys the blessings of a healthy environment and abundant natural resources
- A society where people possess the utmost capacity to cope with hazards, both natural and man-
made

HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
* A process or phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause
loss of life, injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental damage
- Typhoon
- Thunderstorm
- Flood
- Storm surge
- El Niño
- La Niña
- Rainfall-induced landslide
- Tornado

DEADLIEST STORMS
Earth's strongest tropical cyclones at land fall (by windspeed)
(Table)

* Typhoon
- A low pressure area that is large and violent with a minimum sustained wind velocity of 35 KPH
- Rotates counterclockwise with warm air rising above the warm water of the Western Pacific
ocean
- Can be used interchangeably with hurricane or tropical cyclone
(pic)

CATEGORIES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE

AUTOMATIC SUSPENSION GUIDELINES

* Thunderstorm
- A localized storm cloud that produces lightning and thunder, and often brings heavy rain shower
or hail as well as strong gusty winds
- 5 km in diameter and lasts an average of 30 minutes
- Three stages:
- Initial or cumulus stage
- Mature stage
- Dissipating stage
- Can produce dangerous weather conditions such as heavy rains, floods, tornadoes, hailstones
and lightning

SIGN OF AN IMPENDING THUNDERSTORM

* Flood
- Referred to as the running and overlaying of water on land that are not ordinarily covered by it.
- Natural causes of flood
- Intense or prolonged rainfall
- Storm surge
- High tide
- Manmade causes of flood
- Increased urbanization and coastal development
- Informal settlers
- Indiscriminate dumping of garbage
- Deforestation
- Failure of levees and dams
- Blasting

TYPES OF FLOOD
* River flood – caused by the overflowing of rivers when the run-off exceeds the capacity of the
channels
* Flash flood – caused by a very short period of unusually heavy rainfall
* Coastal flood – occurs when strong onshore winds push the water inland

PAGASA's COLOR CODED WARNING SIGNALS FOR FLOODING

* Storm surge
- A sudden rise of sea level above the normal level on the coast due to a drop in atmospheric
pressure and the force of the wind as a tropical cyclone approaches the coast
- The stronger the tropical cyclone and the shallower the coast, the higher the surge
- The peak storm surge is experienced near the point of landfall of a typhoon
- The rise in sea level can cause flooding and damages
CAUSES OF STORM SURGE
1. Wind/pressure effect
2. Rainfall effect
3. Tidal effect
4. Shape of the coastline and slope of the seabed

* El Nino
- Associated with having no rain, hence the fear of drought and consequently dried-up fields and
low water levels in dams and reservoirs for domestic, agricultural and industrial uses.

* Drought
- The lack of rainfall for normal needs
- Attributed to the El Niño phenomenon and the greenhouse effect
- Impacts of drought
- Agricultural crops will not grow without water
- Animals will die of thirst §Famine or food insecurity
- Water supply will be reduced § Loss of livelihood
- Epidemic
- Wild fire

* La Nina
- Associated with heavy rainfall and hazards such as flood

* Rainfall-induced landslide
- Massive outward and downward movement of slope-forming materials, specifically of rocks and
soil masses

* Tornado
- A localized windstorm characterized by a visible funnel-shaped, rapidly whirling cloud extending
downward from the base of a dark cumulonimbus cloud.
- Signs of a tornado:

TYPHOON (during)
1. Stay tuned-in to the radio or television for latest news and updates
2. Stay alert and be prepared
3. Stay inside the house
4. Wear warm clothes
5. Save your batteries so you can use it for emergency situations
6. If you are already in danger, call for rescue

TYPHOON (after)
1. Stay tuned-in to the radio and TV for latest updates
2. Check your family if they are okay
3. Observe your surroundings if there are fallen trees , wrecked cars on the road, fallen electric
posts and live wires. Stay away from these
4. If there are damages in your household, do repairs
5. If there is an injury, seek for medical help

THUNDERSTORM (before)
1. Create a preparedness plan. Learn about your area’s thunderstorm risk and how to be warned
of an approaching thunderstorm
2. Trim and remove dead and rotting trees and other objects that could fall or may cause injury
3. Close the windows and doors to prevent objects from being blown inside and the premises
4. Stay inside the house or classroom
5. Remember to ensure a proper drainage for the rain water before the thunderstorm
THUNDERSTORM (during)
1. Staycalm.Wearwarmclothes
2. Stay away from trees, towers, fences, electric and telephone lines if you are in an open area
3. Watch out for falling objects and power lines
4. Postpone all outdoor activities
5. Unplug and turn off all appliances. Use a battery operated radio for gaining information
6. Move to the lowest floor of the building without windows or glass doors
7. If you are in an open area and can’t find a shelter, put your feet together with heels touching
each other (tip toe) while in a squat position. Make sure that you put your hands over your ears

THUNDERSTORM (after)
1. If the weather condition allows, go outside to check for any damages to your property
2. Still practice the safety measures and continue listening to the news for updates and instructions
3. Stay away from the damaged areas and watch out for damaged power cables

FLOOD (before)
1. Keep tuning-in to news on TV and radio
2. Be familiar with the frequency of floods in your area
3. Know where the flood warning system such as flood markers in your area are
4. Know the evacuation plan in your area. Be familiar with the pick-up place, the means of
transportation,location of the command center and evacuation area
5. Put your cellphones inside a zip lock plastic bag
6. Prepare your survival kit.You can make your own floating devices. Keep extra batteries 7. Fully
charge your phones and keep these loaded
8. Prepare your emergency lights
9. Go to a higher area or do a preemptive evacuation
10. Prepare the family or friends by assigning tasks
11. Keep all important documents inside a safety box

FLOOD (during)
1. Keep calm and be alert and keep away from steep areas prone to landslides
2. Stay updated on news and public announcements
3. Don’t attempt to swim across flowing streams and flooded areas
4. Watch out for snakes and other wild animals in the flood
5. Drink and eat only clean or at least boiled water and never eat food that is already contaminated
with flood water
6. Stay away from electric and telephone cables
7. Listen only to reliable people when getting information and updates

FLOOD (after)
1. Report structural damages like cables, water and gas lines
2. If appliances were submerged in flood water, don’t plug these at once to prevent further damage
3. Avoid affected areas
4. Stay tuned-in to the news
5. Return home only if the area is already safe. The authorities will advice you if the area is already
safe or not

STORM SURGE (before)

1. Stay tuned-in to local TV and radio for public announcements and updates of certain weather
conditions that may result to occurrence of a storm surge
2. Know the risk zones in the area. Plan for evacuation and relocation
3. Stay off the beach area when there is a weather disturbance
4. Be familiar with the escape routes going to the evacuation center or higher grounds
5. Participate in flood or storm surge drills
6. Prepare a survival kit which contains your basic necessities like clean drinking water, food, first-
aid kit, flashlights and lighters
7. Prepare a floating device
8. Put your gadgets and important documents in a zip lock bag and put them in a safe place
9. Do preemptive evacuation if you are in a risk area

STORM SURGE (during)

1. Keep calm and alert
2. Stay away from coastal areas
3. Stay away from steep areas prone to landslides
4. Shutdown the power supply
5. If caught in a storm surge, hold on to large tree trunks and boulders to protect you from the force
of water and floating debris

STORM SURGE (after)

1. Never eat fresh food that came in contact with flood water. Drinking water should be submitted
to authorities for testing
2. After the storm surge subsided, check the damages on properties and if your family is complete
3. Stay away from damaged power and telephone cables
4. Stay away from collapsed structures because these may collapse and cause injuries
5. Check if your house is safe before moving back in with your family
6. Immediately clean all debris and mud
7. Stay tuned-in to local TV and radio stations for updates and instructions

RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES (before)

1. Know if your area is at risk of landslides
2. Know the evacuation plan in your locality
3. Stay away from slopes and risk zones
4. Plant trees and other plants to cover slopes to prevent soil erosion
5. Make a list of emergency contact hotlines
6. Participate in drills
7. Prepare for public announcements to prevent being caught or trapped by a landslide
8. Keep your survival kit with you especially your whistle
9. Stay alert and observe your surroundings.You can predict an impending landslide when you
hear a rumbling sound from upstream and when you feel the ground rumbling

RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES (during)

1. Stay calm and alert
2. Evacuate the area immediately if it is in a risk area and landslides and mudflows are imminent
3. Stay away from debris bought by the landslide and protect yourself by staying behind a sturdy
boulder or tree
4. Get out of the house or school building as soon as possible and go to the safest area far from
the landslide
5. When you are caught by a landslide, run outside your house and go across the slope away from
the landslide, not downward

RAINFALL-INDUCED LANDSLIDES (after)

1. Tune-in to news and public announcements regarding the landslide
2. Never go back to the affected site without the permission of the authorities

EL NINO (before)
1. Develop preparedness plan: prepare appropriate clothes, medical kits, food, relocation sites,
boats. Repair houses
2. Conserve water
3. Store water
4. Familiarize yourself with first aid treatments for heat related illnesses

EL NINO (during)
1. Avoid activities that require strenuous work during the hottest time of the day
2. Consult doctor immediately when affected by extreme heat
3. Stay indoors as much as possible
4. Wear loose and light-colored clothing
5. Drink plenty of water

EL NINO (after)
1. Bring victims to the hospital immediately
2. Document and report effects of El niño to your community

LA NINA (before)
1. Develop preparedness plan: prepare appropriate clothes, medical kits, food, relocation sites,
boats. Repair houses
2. Know first aid treatments for water/rain related illnesses

LA NINA (during)
1. Stay indoors
2. Boil water for drinking to prevent diseases due to water contamination
3. Prepare easy-cook or no-cook food
4. Wear boots if necessary

LA NINA (after)
1. Bring victims to the hospital immediately
2. Document and report effects of La niña to your community

TORNADO (before)
1. Secure outdoor objects to prevent them from causing danger during the tornado’s passage
2. Tornadoes are generally short-lived. They come and go quickly. They may not be time for
warning
3. Be alert for sudden appearance of violent winds, rain, hail or funnel-shaped cloud in your locality

TORNADO (during)
1. Keep calm; take cover in any interior hallway, at the lowest place in a building, or under sturdy
furniture. Stay away from windows
2. Lie down in any depression or crawl into culverts when a tornado is about to strike as it is
considerably better than remaining upright
3. When driving a vehicle, stop, abandon it, and seek shelter outside at the nearest depression,
ditch or ravine (but be aware of flash flooding)

TORNADO (after)
1. Stay tuned-in to the radio and TV for latest updates
2. Check your family if they are okay
3. Observe your surroundings if there are fallen trees , wrecked cars on the road, fallen electric
posts and live wires. Stay away from these
4. If there is an injury, seek for medical help