NSTP MIDTERM REVIEWER

CHAPTER 4 – DISASTER PREAPREDNESS

PART 1

 Vulnerable population during disasters are women, children, poor, elderly and
disabled

 Disaster
- extreme disruption of the functioning of a society that causes widespread
human, material, or environmental losses that exceed the ability of the
affected society to cope using only its own resources.
 Disaster preparedness
- measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters.

Forms of Disasters

 Typhoon
- “Tropical storm”
- Can occur at any time but usually during July to October months in the PH
o Signal Levels – used to warn people from upcoming typhoons
 Signal #1 – typhoon within 36 hours (start preparing and be
alert)
 Signal #2 – within 24 hours (schools are suspended, govt. offices
closed)
 Signal #3 – within 18 hours (schools are suspended, govt. offices
closed)
 Signal #4 – within 12 hours

*Suspension of private business takes cue from govt. announcement

or depends on the discretion of the company

o Rainfall Warning
 Yellow warning – 7.5 to 15mm of heavy rain; flooding is
possible; monitor the weather
 Orange waring – formerly green; 15 to 30mm of intense rain;
flooding is threatening; be alert for possible evacuation
 Red Warning – 30mm above of rain; serious flooding expected
in low lying areas; Evacuate immediately
 Floods
- Most common and widespread natural disasters
- Can be slow or fast; develop over a few days
 Earthquake
- Shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s surface
 Fire
- A rapid, persistent chemical change that releases heat and light and is
accompanied by flame.
- Most victims of fires die from smoke or toxic gases and not from burns.
o Causes:
 electrical/faulty wirings & outlets
 unplugged appliances
 heating unattended stoves
 children playing matches, etc.
 Bomb threat
- An information or warning usually verbal or written, claiming knowledge
that a dangerous device, such as a bomb or similar type of explosive, has
been or will be placed in a building, aircraft or other facilities, whether or
not such a device actually exists.
o Types:
 Handwritten or typed notes
 E-mail
 Telephone

 NDRRMC – National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

 RA 10121
- Aka. The Philippine disaster risk reduction and management act of
2010passed on May 27, 2010 and implemented on Sept. 17, 2010
- An act strengthening the PH Disaster risk reduction and management
system, providing NDRRM framework, institutionalizing NDRRM plan and
appropriating funds
 Presidential Decree 1566
- The National Disaster Coordination councils (NDCC) has been renamed to
National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC)
 Mission of NDRRMC
- serves as the President’s adviser on disaster preparedness programs,
disaster operations and rehabilitation efforts undertaken by the
government and the private sector. It acts as the top coordinator of all
 disaster management and the highest allocator of resources in the
Philippines

PART 2

 Risk – probability that a disaster will occur

 Hazard – specific nature of threat
 Vulnerability – inability to withstand, protect oneself or recover rapidly from
a potentially damaging event
 Prevention – measures designed to avert a potential hazard
 Preparedness – measure to be ready and acct accordingly during a disaster
 Mitigation – measures that reduce the harmful effects of a disaster
 Response – action taken in the aftermath of a disaster to assist victims and to
rehabilitate society

Natural Disasters

1. Earthquakes
2. Typhoon
3. Tsunamis
4. Volcanic eruption
5. Drought
6. Land slide

Human Made disasters

1. Overpopulation
2. Bomb threat
3. Accidents
4. Pollution
5. Violence
6. Fire
7. Flooding

Severity categories

Accidents -> emergency -> Disaster -> catastrophe

Factors that contribute to disasters

1. Poverty and marginalization

a. Malnutrition
b. Poor health
c. Inadequate basic services
d. Unemployment and low wages
2. Resource depletion
a. Deforestation
b. Soil Erosion
c. Genetic erosion
d. Marine pollution
e. Agrochemicals
f. Air and water pollution
g.
3. Human made disasters
a. Floods
b. Civil war
4. Natural forces
a. Typhoon
b. Drought
c. Torrential rains and flooding
d. Earthquake
e. Volcanic terrain

 Disaster risk profile of the PH

- Vulnerable to almost all disasters because of its geographical location
- Located in the pacific ring of fire, typhoon path and is an archipelago

Response to disasters

1. Relief operations
2. Rehabilitation/Construction and emergency preparations
3. Disaster prevention and mitigation
4. Disaster preparedness
CHAPTER 5 – ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

PART 1

 Environmental management
- planned management of natural resources to prevent exploitation,
pollution, destruction or neglect and to ensure the future use of resources
- Synonym: Conservation
- Based on knowledge of ecology
 Ecology
- Wide variety of disciplines that involves human feelings, beliefs, and
attitudes as a science and technology
 Global Warming
- Process of warming the earth
- Caused by greenhouse effect (traps the solar radiation of the sun in the
earth’s atmosphere due to presence of carbon dioxide, methane and
nitrous oxide)
- Changes of global temp. brought by enhance greenhouse effect induced
by the emissions of greenhouse gases into the air
 Greenhouse gases
- Major contributor to climate change
- Forms a blanket around the Earth, preventing the sun’s heat from
bouncing off into space – making Earth warmer
- Example are carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide

Note: Ave. Earth temp: 59 degrees Fahrenheit or 13 degrees Celsius. Greenhouse

Gases in the atmosphere hold in heat. Without these gases, the Earth’s surface
temperature would drop to around 0 degrees Fahrenheit.

Difference between climate change and global warming

 Climate change
- Long term changes in the climate including temp. and precipitation
 Global warming
- Increase of the Earth’s average surface temp dur to build up of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere
Causes of Global Warming

 Burning of fossil fuels

 Pollution

Effects of global warming

1. Rising Sea Level

2. Increased temperature
3. Habitat damage and affected species
4. Change in water supply
5. Change in the timing of seasons (sometimes the seasons could be late or too
early than usual)
6. Increased spread of disease
7. Stronger hurricanes and storm drought
8. More plant and animal species will be extinct.
9. Change in Rainfall patterns
10. Overall negative effects on plans, wildlife and humans

Climatic Variabilities

 El Nino – typhoon season, where the rain never stops and flood often occur
 El Nina – drought. Crops are not growing because of the intense heat and
lack of moisture/water in the land

Solutions to Global warming

1. Turn off electronics when not in use

2. Take shorter showers and don’t use too much of heating water
3. Keep areas cool by placing curtains etc.
4. Turn off lights when not in use
5. Use compact fluorescent bulbs (it uses less coal than incandescent bulbs)
6. Dress lightly when its hot to lessen the use of AC
7. Dress warm when its cold to avoid using a heater
8. Clean filters of AC and furnace
9. If going to a short distance area, walk or bike instead of using a car
10. Plant trees
 11. Practice proper waste disposal (reuse, reduce, recycle)

Waste management

 Waste
- Objects intended or required to be disposed by the provisions of law
 Disposal
- operation that leads to resource recovery, recycling, reclamation
- direct use or alternative uses

Kinds of wastes

 Solid waste
- domestic, commercial and industrial wastes especially common as co-
disposal of wastes
- Examples: plastics, Styrofoam containers, bottles, cans, papers, scrap iron,
and other trash
 Liquid waste
- Wastes in liquid form
- Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste water from ponds,
manufacturing industries and other sources

Acc. to properties

 Biodegradable (nabubulok)
- Can be degraded
- Ex: paper, wood, fruits etc.
 Non-biodegradable (di-nabubulok)
- Cannot be degraded
- Ex: plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, Styrofoam containers and others

Acc to effect on the environment

 Hazardous
- Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally and
economically
 Non-hazardous
- Substances that are not safe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally
and economically
Sources of Wastes

1. Households
2. Agriculture
3. Commerce and Industry
4. Fisheries

Solution to waste

 Reduce Waste
- Lessen the waste of paper by going paperless. Make draft reports, manuals
or any information possible to be accessed electronically
- Improve product design while using less materials or resources
 Reuse
- boxes that came from the package that you ordered can be reused for
other things
- Reuse office furniture and supplies that you didn’t get to maximize before
 Recycle
- Make flower pots from the tires of vehicles or used plastic containers of
soda etc
- Use the ice cream container to put frozen meat or seafood etc.

PART 2

 Awareness
- Preliminary step in fighting the worlds and own survival

 Climate change
- A change in the pattern of the weather

Effects of climate change

1. Rising sea levels

2. Frequent and Intense drought
3. Storms
4. Melting glaciers
5. Warming Oceans
Solutions for climate change

1. Renewable Energies
2. Energy and water Efficiency
3. Sustainable transportations
4. Responsible consumption and recycling

 Deforestation
- Permanent destruction of forests in order to utilize the land or trees

Causes of Deforestation

1. Mining
2. Logging
3. Overpopulation
4. Climate change

Effects of deforestation

1. Increased Greenhouse gas emissions

2. Acidic Oceans
3. Loss of species
4. Flooding and Erosions
5. Life quality decrease

Solutions to deforestation

1. Educate others
2. Plant a tree wherever you can
3. Only buy organic products
4. Raise awareness
5. Use renewable wood resources
6. Reduce paper consumption

 Waste management
 - All activities related to the proper handling of waste materials at its
disposal
- How to collect, transport, process, recycle or dispose of waste
- Connected to problems of consumption and rapidly growing population
 Water scarcity
- Lack of sufficient available water resources to meet the demands of water
usage in a region

Causes of water scarcity

1. Pollution
2. Overuse

Effects of Water scarcity

1. Health
2. Education
3. Hunger
4. Poverty

Solutions for water scarcity

1. Groundwater recharge/aquifer storage and recovery

2. Pollution and contamination control
3. Water conservation/Drought mitigation
4. Water credit/equity
5. Improved infrastructure
6. Rainwater harvesting/catchment
7. Spread awareness
8. Use water wisely

 Ecosystem
- Biological community of interacting organi8sms and their physical
environment
 Endangered species – species of animal or plants that are seriously at risk of
extinction
Solutions for Hazard mitigation

1. Promoting effective land use planning based on identified hazards.

2. Adopting and enforcing building codes and standards.
3. Buying flood insurance to protect personal property and belongings.
4. Securing shelves and water heaters to walls.
5. Elevating structures above the floodplain.

Pertinent Laws that support environmental awareness

 EO 579
- Encouraging the formulation of green PH programs through NSTP
o Section 1 - The National Service Training Program (NSTP) shall
endeavor to build a new quality of life that will keep the nation
young and beautiful.
 Go green PH
- 3-fold objective of Recycle, replenish and revitalize
 R.A. 9512
- Aka. The National Environment Awareness and Education Act of 2008
- The goal is to integrate environmental education in school curricula at all
levels regardless of the type of schools, course/program of the student
o Section 3 – DepEd, CHED, TESDA, DSWD, DENR, DOST and other
agencies shall integrate environmental education in school curricula
at all levels regardless of the type of schools, course/program of the
student

Environmental education shall encompass environmental concepts

and principles, environmental laws, the state of international and
local environment, local environmental best practices, the threats of
environmental degradation and its impact on human well-being, the
responsibility of the citizenry to the environment and the value of
conservation, protection and rehabilitation of natural resources and
the environment in the context of sustainable development. It shall
cover both theoretical and practicum modules

o Section 4 – the CHED and TESDA shall include environmental

education in & awareness programs in NSTP under RA 9163 as part of
the CWTS component
o Section 5 – Month of November will be known as the Environmental
Awareness Month throughout the PH
 R.A. 10121
 - aims to strengthen the PHs’ Disaster and Risk Reduction and Management
System
- providing for the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Framework
- institutionalizing the National Disaster Risk Reduction Management Plan
- appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes.
 Dr. Renato Solidum Jr.
- PHIVOLCS director
- Personal preparedness is the key factor toward reducing risks during
disasters

CHAPTER 6

PART 1

 National Security
- state or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs, our
democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity,
welfare and well-being as a nation and people are permanently protected
and continuously enhanced.
o Elements:
 Socio-political stability - to achieve peace and harmony
among all Filipinos, regardless of creed, ethnic origin, and social
status. The government and the people must engage in nation-
building under the rule of law, constitutional democracy, and the
full respect for human rights.
 Territorial Integrity - territory of the country is intact and under
the effective control of the government. It is to ensure the
permanent inviolability of our national territory and its
effective control by the Government and the State.
 Economic Solidarity & Strength - to collectively pursue and
build the economy to be strong, capable of supporting national
endeavors, and derives its strength from the solidarity of our
people.
 Ecological Balance - The national survival rests upon the
effective preservation of our natural resources in the face of
industrial and agricultural expansion and population growth.
 Cultural cohesiveness - Our lives as a people must be ruled by
a common set of values and beliefs grounded on high moral and
 ethical standards, drawn from our heritage and embodying a
Filipino standard.
 Moral-Spiritual Consensus - The Filipino people must be
propelled by the national vision inspired and manifested in
words and deeds, by patriotism, national pride and the
advancement of our national goals.
 Peace and Harmony - committed to world peace and the
preservation of world order. National security is engendered and
sustained through harmonious relations with our neighbors and
allies.
o Dimensions:
 Internal threats – within the country
a. Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
b. The Communist Party of the Philippines/New People’s
Army/National Democratic Front (CPP/NPA/NDF)
c. Organized crime
d. Grave incidence of poverty
e. Economic sabotage
f. Graft and corruption
g. Severe calamities
h. Persistent environment degradation
 External threats – concerning outside the country
a. The multilateral dispute over the Spratlys Islands
b. The smuggling of firearms and contraband, illegal
migration and the occasional movement of foreign
terrorists through the porous borders of our
southwestern frontier
c. The lingering effects of the currency crisis affecting the
countries within the Association of Southeast Asian
Nations (ASEAN)
d. The serious economic disparity between rich and poor
nations
e. Ethnic, religious and cultural conflict
f. The proliferation of weapons of mass destruction
g. Transnational organized crime
h. Cybernetic crime

 Security - A state or quality of being free from harm and danger to any
person due to manmade threats and/or natural disasters and emergencies.
PART 2

 National security
- the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of
economic, power projection, political power, and the exercise of
diplomacy.
- a nation has security when it does not have to sacrifice its legitimate
interest to avoid war, and is able if challenged, to maintain them by war.”
By Walter Lipman 1943
- freedom from foreign dictation by Harold Lasswell

National security situation in the PH

 the PH was stable back in 2018

 The NSS strategy - Was issued by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte in May was
instrumental in integrating the country’s major security policies, defining
responsibilities, and coordinating the actions of all concerned agencies.
 The west Philippine Sea - issue remained to be contentious due to
overlapping territorial claims and maritime domain concerns among the
various claimants.
 Adopted a middle ground - Position signifying that the Philippines is a friend
to all and an enemy to none. With this mindset, the Philippines had embarked
on an independent foreign policy that forges new partnerships with China and
Russia, while maintaining ties with traditional partners such as the United
States
 Duterte allotted 289 billion to bankroll the AFP and purchase brand-new
missile frigate for the PH navy
 The Duterte administration lauds improving relations with China

 Internal Threats
- may be directed at either the state's citizens, or the organs and
infrastructure of the state itself, and may range from petty crime, serious
organized crime, political or industrial unrest, or even domestic terrorism.
o Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) - Constructive peace negotiation,
the armed activities of the group continue to be source of serious
concerns.
o Organized Crime – illegal drugs
o Grave Incidence of poverty – affects 1/3 of the Filipinos
 o Economic sabotage – counterfeiting, money laundering and large-scale
smuggling
o Graft and corruption – saps public resources, undermines morale of
civil service, affects the delivery of basic services
o Persistent environment – pollution, attrition of forest and watersheds
are causes of sickness and death
 External Threats
o Multi-lateral dispute over the Spartly Island
o Smuggling firearm and contraband - Illegal migration and occasional
movement of foreign terrorist through porous borders of our
southwestern frontier.
o Lingering effects of the currency affecting ASEAN countries
o Serious economic disparity – discrimination between rich and poor
o Ethnic, religious and cultural conflict - Constantly exacerbated by mass
poverty, limited access to resources, denial of human right

 Campus Security - It is a service-driven department committed to providing a

security and promoting safety of the academic community.
o School Threats
 Fraternity hazing can lead to tragic consequence
 Bomb threats and detonation
 Natural disasters include typhoons, earthquake, flood.
 Man-made disasters like faulty wiring
 Typical security
o Emergency and crisis preparedness
o School police staffing; on a lesser level school guard, hall monitors.
o Campus and community collaboration
 Peace Education
- Activities that promote knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will help
people either to prevent occurrence of conflict, to resolve it peacefully.
o Core Values of Non-violence - central peace education; manifested
through values such as respect for human right
 Peaceable School
- It is where everyone is treated fairly and everyone is responsible else fairly.
- Is a community and all its members work hard on creating an environment
of equal treatment and respect.
Role of youth in National Security

 Be a catalyst for change – engage on the current happenings in the country

 Lessen violence – by being a good model and an epitome of a responsible
youth to perhaps avoid further contribution to the problem
 Empower and promote youth participation – to develop international
solidarity by participating in online discussion and in local activities that
strengthens national solidarity
 To obtain education – assurance that our country will economically be
secured and be globally competent