.

INTRODUCTION
Disaster is a sudden ,calamitous event
bringing, loss destruction and devastation
to life and property
 The damage caused by disasters is
immeasurable and varies with the
geographical location , climate and type
of surface / degree of vulnerability
 This influence the mental , socio
economic , political and cultural state of
the affected area
 Definition

 Disasters is a event that causes excessive

damage to property , roadways , electrical
lines and crucial infrastructures limits a
regions ability to respond
- JAVEED ANSARI
-
* Key elements of Disasters


Disaster results from the combination of
vulnerability and insufficient capacity or
measures to reduce the potential negative
consequences of risk
1. Hazards
2. Vulnerability
3. Capacity
4. Risk
1. Hazard
 Hazard is a source or a situation with
potential for harm in terms of human injury
or illness , damage to property and
environment
2. Vulnerability
 The state of being exposed to the
possibility of being harmed either
physical , social economic and environment
factors
3.Capacity
 Capacity is the combination of all the strengths and resources
available within a community , society or organization that can
reduce the level of risk or the effects of a disaster
4. Risk
 Risk is the probability of harmful consequences or expected
losses resulting from the interactions between Natural or
Human induced Hazards and vulnerable conditions
.

TYPES OF DISASTERS
 TYPES OF DISASTERS

1.NATURAL DISASTER
 Hydrometer Disaster
 Geographical Disaster
 Biological Disaster

2. HUMAN – INDUCED DISASTER

 Technological Disaster
 NATURAL DISASTERS

 A serious disruption triggered by a natural hazard

causing human material , economic or environment
losses , which exceed the ability of those affected to
cope
 NATURAL HAZARADS CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO *
 1. Hydrometer logical disaster
 2. Geographical disaster
 3. biological disaster
1. HYDROLOGICAL DISASTERS


Hydrological disasters are described as a sudden and
violent event caused due to the change in the quality ,
distribution or movement of water below the surface or
in the atmosphere
 examples
1. Cyclones
2. Hailstorms 6. Floods
3. Storms 7. Droughts
4. Tornados
Floods
Cyclone
Snow storms
Tornados
Storms
HailstoRMS
Droughts
2.GEOGRAPHICAL DISASTERS

Natural major event brought about by the
natural processes of the earth that causes
wide spread destruction to the environment
and loss of life
Examples
1. Earth quakes
2. tsunami
3. volcanic activity
4. land slides
Earth quake
Volcano
Tsunami
Land slides
3. BIOLOGICAL DISASTER

. Biological disasters are natural scenarios

involving diseases , disability or death on a
large scale among humans , animals and
plants due to micro organisms like bacteria or
virus or toxins
 Examples
1. Outbreak of epidemics diseases
eg:covid-19,swineflu,cholera
COVID-19
CHOLERA
HUMEN – INDUCED DISASTER


A serious disruption triggered by a humen –
induced hazard causing human , material
economic or environmental losses , which
exceeds the ability of those to cope
 These are two types
 1. Technological disaster
 2. Environmental disaster
 1.TECNOLOGICAL DISASTER


Danger associated with technological or industrial

accidents infrastructure failure or certain human
activities which may cause the loss of life or
injury ,property , damage , social or economic
disruption or environmental degradation , sometimes
refferred to as anthropological hazards

Examples
 1. Industrial pollution 4. toxic waste
 2. Nuclear release 5. dam failures
 3. Radio activity
Industrial pollution
Nuclear release
Toxic waste
2. ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION
 Processes include by human behaviour and
activities that damage the natural
resources base on adversity alter nature
processes or ecosystems potential effects
are varied
 Examples
1. Deforestation
2. Wild land fire
3. land ,air, and water pollution
4. Ozone depletion
5. Loss of biodiversity
Deforestation
Ozone depletion
Wild land fire
Biodiversity loss
COMPLICATIONS


Food insecurity
 Emotional aftershocks
 Health risks
 Displacements of large group of people
 financial disaster
 in security about the future after each
disaster
 PREVENTIONS


Raising awareness about potential
hazards and how to address them
 educating the public about how to
properly prepare for different types of
disaster
 installing and strengthening prediction
and warning systems
 Encouraging
. community members buy
appropriate insurance to protect their
properties and belonging
 Educating families and business on
how to create effectives disaster plans
 Promoting the use of fire retardant
material in contraction
 Advocating for capital works
initiatives , such as the construction
and maintenance of leaves